Township of Cannon

Accessory buildings, structures and uses

ACCESSORY BUILDING, STRUCTURE OR USE
A building, structure, or use on the same lot with, and of a nature which is customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal building, structure, or use; provided, however, that an oil and/or gas well, whether or not operating or productive, and the structures, equipment and devices used or which may be used in connection therewith, and the associated and related uses and activities, shall not be accessory structures or accessory uses, in whole or in part, under the terms of this chapter.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed R-PUD Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use B-1 B-2 I LR R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR, R-2, R-3, LR, B-1, B-2, I, R-PUD and M-PUD Districts:
These uses are permitted in these districts.

Accessory buildings and structures.

A. Accessory buildings or garages shall be considered to be part of the main building if structurally and architecturally integrated into the main building, or if attached by an enclosed breezeway or similar architectural device not greater than 10 feet in length.
B. Residential accessory buildings shall be for the exclusive use of the persons residing in the dwelling on the property, or in the dwelling on adjacent property as permitted in the LR District by Subsection H below.
C. Detached accessory buildings shall be located not closer to 10 feet to the main building.
D. The area of accessory buildings shall be included in the maximum permitted lot coverage.
E. No accessory building or accessory structure shall be located in any front yard, or yard abutting the water on a waterfront lot, unless it is set back at least 200 feet from the front lot line or the ordinary high-water mark, respectively; provided, however, that on waterfront lots in the LR District, an accessory building may be located within the yard abutting the street if all minimum building setback requirements for a principal building are complied with.
F. Except as provided in Subsection I below, accessory buildings and accessory structures shall meet the minimum side and rear yard setbacks required for principal buildings.
G. No accessory building or accessory structure shall be constructed or occupied on a lot before the principal building or use on the lot is constructed or occupied; provided, however, in the LR District, one detached accessory building may be located on a lot that has no principal building, in the following circumstances only:

(1) If the lot is directly across a public street or private road from a lot improved with a dwelling to which the building is accessory; or
(2) If the lot on which the detached accessory building is located is adjacent to either side lot line of a lot directly across a public or private street from a lot improved with a dwelling to which the building is accessory.

H. In the circumstances described in this subsection as to accessory buildings in the LR District on lots that have no principal building, not more than one detached accessory building may be located on an unimproved lot across a public or private street, as described above. The lot upon which the accessory building is constructed and the improved lot to which it is accessory shall be held in common ownership. A restrictive covenant confirming such common ownership and prohibiting the separate conveyance of either lot shall be recorded with the Kent County Register of Deeds prior to the issuance of a building permit or installation of any accessory building.
I. On nonwaterfront lots in the R-1, R-2, R-3 and LR Districts, an accessory building or accessory structure which is equal to or less than 100 square feet in area and equal to or less than 10 feet in height may be located in a rear yard as near as five feet from the side and rear lot lines; provided, however, that if the rear lot line of the parcel of land on which the accessory building or accessory structure is located is also the side lot line of the adjacent parcel, then the accessory building or accessory structure shall be set back the same distance from the rear lot line as the required side yard setback for a principal building.
J. In the R-1, R-2, R-3, LR and PUD Districts, the total aggregate area of all accessory buildings on a lot or parcel shall be limited in floor area as follows:

(1) Size of accessory buildings dependent on size of lot area.

Lot Area (square feet)	Permitted Accessory Building Size (square feet)
30,000 or less	Maximum 576
Greater than 30,000	Maximum 1,200

(2) For lots greater than 30,000 square feet, accessory buildings with an aggregate area larger than 1,200 square feet may be permitted by the Planning Commission as a special land use if the Planning Commission determines there would be no significant adverse effects upon adjacent or nearby lands and if the Planning Commission determines that the area, height and bulk of the accessory building would not seriously compromise the residential character of the lot or adjacent or nearby lands. If an applicant desires to obtain approval for an accessory building with an aggregate area larger than 1,200 square feet in the PUD District, such application can be considered and acted upon as a part of the planned unit development review and approval process, and in such cases an application for the special land use approval shall not be required.

K. Accessory buildings and structures in planned unit developments shall be subject to the same requirements as in the residential districts, except that Subsection I shall apply only to those lots with a lot area less than 30,000 square feet unless the planned unit development ordinance specifically provides otherwise. Accessory buildings with an aggregate area larger than 1,200 square feet in area may be considered and approved in accordance with Subsection J(2) of this section.
L. Buildings and structures used in active commercial agricultural operations are not considered accessory buildings and shall not be subject to this section, except that no buildings or structures shall be located within a required yard, and any building greater than 1,200 square feet in area shall be located at least 50 feet from any rear or side lot line.
M. Swing sets, playground equipment, garden trellises, and similar aboveground yard equipment accessory to a residential use shall be exempt from the provisions of this section, except for height limitations, or unless specific provision is made for such equipment by other Township ordinance; provided, however, that a swing set, playground equipment or similar children's play structure located within a yard abutting the water on a waterfront lot shall be subject to the following:

(1) A zoning permit shall be required. See Zoning Permit application and Commercial Zoning Permit application.

See also Zoning Permits for more procedural information.

(2) There shall be no portion of the structure that is enclosed for the purpose of storage.
(3) There shall be no platform or deck that creates a horizontal impervious surface greater than 50 square feet.
(4) A roof, if any, shall not exceed 20 square feet in area.
(5) There shall not be any portion of the structure enclosed by walls, other than knee-high walls or railings which shall be no more than 40% opaque and no higher than above grade or above the platform surface than the minimum required by the applicable code for child safety.
(6) The swing set, playground equipment or similar children's play structure shall be set back at least 20 feet from the water's edge or the ordinary high-water mark, whichever is closer to the principal building, and at least 10 feet from any side lot line. The structure shall be no less than 10 feet from the principal building.

.

Accessory dwelling units

DWELLING UNIT, ACCESSORY
An attached or detached dwelling, subordinate to a principal single-family detached dwelling on the same lot or parcel, which contains sleeping quarters, a bathroom, living area, and kitchen facilities.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use RR

Vehicle Parking:
At least one parking space shall be provided for the accessory dwelling unit, and vehicular access shall be from the driveway serving the principal dwelling.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted in this district.

Accessory dwelling units.

A. An accessory dwelling unit is an attached or detached dwelling that is subordinate to a principal use consisting of a single-family detached dwelling located on the same lot or parcel as the accessory dwelling unit. The dwelling unit may contain sleeping quarters, a bathroom, living area and a kitchen.
B. An accessory dwelling unit may be located only in the RR District. Only one such dwelling unit shall be permitted on a parcel of land. The dwelling unit shall not have an address separate from that of the principal dwelling on the property.
C. An accessory dwelling unit shall be used only for a residential use that is accessory to the principal dwelling on the parcel, such as a dwelling for guests of the residents of the principal dwelling, a dwelling unit for an elderly family member or for other residential accessory use.
D. An accessory dwelling unit shall be permitted only on a lot or parcel with an area of at least four acres. It shall comply with all setback requirements applicable to a principal dwelling.
E. The accessory dwelling unit shall be at least 500 square feet in area; but no larger than 35% of the usable floor area of the principal dwelling or 1,500 square feet, whichever is less. Space within a garage which is in the same building as the accessory building shall not be counted against the maximum area limitation for an accessory dwelling unit.
F. The accessory dwelling unit, if attached, shall be designed as an independent housekeeping unit that can be isolated from the principal dwelling space.
G. Approval of on-site septic and well systems by the Kent County Health Department shall be required. The accessory dwelling unit shall not have a separate mailing address, or, except as provided below, separate meters for public utilities, such as electric and gas. Separate meters for public utilities may be permitted by the Planning Commission, or by the Zoning Administrator after approval of the request, if separate metering is required by code, ordinance, or policy of the utility. If separate meters are provided, the owner shall be the customer and responsible party for both billings.
I. A detached accessory dwelling unit shall meet all requirements of § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings; provided, however, that the minimum width may be reduced to 20 feet for 67% of its length.
J. The accessory dwelling unit shall have a residential appearance consistent with the design and the exterior materials of the principal dwelling.
K. The applicant and property owner shall prepare a restrictive covenant or another legal instrument, subject to the approval of the Zoning Administrator, whereby the use of the accessory dwelling unit shall be limited as stated in this section. The instrument shall be recorded with the county register of deeds. The instrument shall include substantially the following:

(1) A statement that the principal dwelling and the accessory dwelling unit shall remain in the same ownership.
(2) A statement that the accessory dwelling unit shall not be used as a rental dwelling or for other commercial purpose.
(3) Other restrictions may be required by the Zoning Administrator to be included in the restrictive covenant or similar instrument, consistent with the provisions hereof.

Adult day-care homes

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed R-3

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 8 clients plus 1 parking space per employee, with a minimum of 3 parking spaces provided.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

R-3 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 residents and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-3 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-8.02: Permitted land uses.

Adult foster care family homes

ADULT FOSTER CARE FAMILY HOME
A private residence with the approved capacity to receive six or fewer adults to be provided with foster care for periods of 24 hours per day, five or more days per week and for two or more consecutive weeks, as licensed and regulated under the Adult Foster Care Facility Licensing Act, Act 218 of the Public Acts of 1979, MCL 400.701 et seq., as amended. The adult foster care family home licensee shall be a member of the household, and an occupant of the residence.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed LR R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 8 clients plus 1 parking space per employee, with a minimum of 3 parking spaces provided.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 residents and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.

R-1 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 residents and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-6.02: Permitted land uses.

R-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 residents and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-7.02: Permitted land uses.

R-3 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 residents and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-3 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-8.02: Permitted land uses.

LR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 residents and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the LR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-10.02: Permitted land uses.

Adult foster care small group home

ADULT FOSTER CARE SMALL GROUP HOME
An adult foster care facility licensed under the Adult Foster Care Facility Licensing Act, Act 218 of the Public Acts of 1979, MCL 400.701 et seq., as amended, in which the adult foster care group home licensee is a member of the household and an occupant of the residence. The home shall be a private residence providing adults with foster care for 24 hours a day, five or more days per week and for two or more consecutive weeks; it shall have the approved capacity to receive at least seven but not more than 12 adults to be provided foster care.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 8 clients plus 1 parking space per employee, with a minimum of 3 parking spaces provided.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 residents only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 residents only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-6.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 residents only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-7.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 residents only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Adult foster care small group home.

A. An adult foster care small group home is a state-licensed foster care facility for the supervision and care of not more than 12 adults.
B. The small group home shall be state-licensed under the terms of the Adult Foster Care Facility Licensing Act. The owner and operator of the small group home shall comply with all applicable provisions of the Act.
C. The small group home shall not include, or be state-licensed for, the residence, care or treatment of persons who have been released from a correctional institution or who are serving a term of probation after being convicted of the commission of a crime involving violence, illegal sale or use of a controlled substance or criminal sexual conduct.
D. The small group home shall not be located within a 1,500-foot radius of any other adult foster care home or any adult day-care facility, measured from property lines, except that this provision shall not apply to another adult foster care small group home that has been approved as a special land use under the terms of this section.
E. The small group home shall not commence operation until proof of the issuance of the applicable state license has been submitted to the Zoning Administrator.
F. Residential services, supervision, care and other services permitted under the terms of the state license shall be provided only to the residents of the small group home.
G. Operating hours shall be between 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. daily, unless otherwise approved by the Planning Commission based upon a finding under particular circumstances of no negative impact on neighboring properties or the surrounding area.
H. Parking shall conform to the parking regulations applicable in the district in which the facility is located. The facility shall have no less than one parking space for each owner/operator and one parking space for every two persons being served (based on approved capacity).
I. The facility shall be subject to the approval of the Township Fire Chief and subject to all State and County Health Department requirements.
J. All refuse collection facilities shall be screened from view by adequate fencing.

Athletic fields

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit LR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

LR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-10.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Banks, credit unions and similar financial institutions (no drive-thru)

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts.
Drive-in or drive-through facilities are not permitted, except if approved as a special land use.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Drive-in or drive-through facilities are permitted.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Banquet halls

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 4 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, or 1 parking space per 3 fixed seats whether public or private, whichever is greater.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses

Barber shops and beauty salons

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
2 parking spaces per operator chair/station plus 1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area in employee work areas.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Bed-and-breakfast establishments

BED-AND-BREAKFAST ESTABLISHMENT
A private residence that offers overnight accommodation to lodgers in the principal residence of the owner or operator of the establishment, and which serves breakfast as a part of the overnight accommodation.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per guest room, plus 1 parking space per 2 employees.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Bed-and-breakfast establishment.

A. A bed-and-breakfast establishment shall be located only in a detached single-family dwelling which has at least 1,500 square feet of usable floor area. For each guest room in excess of two, an additional 100 square feet of floor area shall be required.
B. The bed-and-breakfast shall be the principal residence of the owner, who shall reside there when the bed-and-breakfast is in operation. If the owner is not in residence in the dwelling unit for 14 consecutive days or more, the bed-and-breakfast shall be closed until the owner returns.
C. The bed-and-breakfast shall have no more than five guest rooms, plus a common area for use by all guests.
D. One sign, not exceeding four square feet, shall be allowed for identification purposes only. Sign lighting shall be indirect and shielded from view off site. Internally lighted signs are not permitted.
E. Meals may be served only to the operator's family and overnight guests of the establishment.
F. Cooking facilities in bed-and-breakfast guest rooms are prohibited.
G. Off-street parking shall be provided in addition to that required for single-family dwellings at the rate of one vehicle parking space per sleeping room and shall be located so as to minimize negative impacts on adjacent and nearby lands.
H. Exterior refuse storage facilities shall be screened from view on all sides by a six-foot solid decorative fence or wall or by other screening approved by the Planning Commission.
I. The maximum stay for any guest of a bed-and-breakfast shall be 10 consecutive days, not to exceed a total of 30 days in any twelve-month period. A guest register accurately showing the names of the guests and the dates and duration of their stays shall be maintained by the owner and made available to the Township for inspection upon request.
J. Bed-and-breakfast establishments shall be located only in buildings that are used and have been used as detached single-family dwellings. No dwelling or other building shall be constructed or enlarged for the purpose of having or operating a bed-and-breakfast establishment. A building shall have been in use as a detached single-family dwelling for at least five years prior to the issuance of any special land use for the operation of a bed-and-breakfast establishment within the building.
K. In addition to the site plan required by this chapter, a floor plan of the dwelling unit and the use of each room shall also be submitted with the special land use application.

Breweries, brew pubs and wineries

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, if state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Building contractors

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2 I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 and I Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Business or professional college or trade or vocational schools

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Catering establishment

CATERING ESTABLISHMENT
A business, establishment or location in which the principal use is the preparation of food and meals which are delivered to another location for serving and consumption.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Child-care centers

CHILD-CARE CENTER
A facility, other than a private residence, receiving one or more preschool or school-age children for periods of less than 24 hours per day, for not less than two consecutive weeks (regardless of the numbers of hours of care per day), where the parents or guardians are not immediately available to the child, including facilities described as "day-care centers," "day nurseries," "nursery schools," "parent cooperative preschools", "play groups" and "drop-in centers" (as licensed and registered under the Child Care Organizations Act, Act 116 of the Public Acts of 1973). Child-care centers shall not include Sunday schools, vacation bible schools or religious instructional classes.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 8 clients plus 1 parking space per employee, with a minimum of 3 parking spaces provided.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts providing the establishment is state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district providing the establishment is state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Child-care centers.

A. A child-care center shall be state-licensed under the terms of the Child Care Organizations Act, Act 116 of 1973, as amended. The owner and operator of the child-care center shall comply with all applicable provisions of the Act.
B. In accordance with its state license, a child-care center shall receive one or more preschool or school-aged children for care for periods of less than 24 hours a day.
C. Operating hours shall be between 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. daily, unless otherwise approved by the Planning Commission based upon a finding under particular circumstances of no negative impact on neighboring properties or the surrounding area.
D. Parking shall conform to the parking regulations applicable in the district in which the facility is located. The facility shall have no less than one parking space for each owner/operator and one parking space for every two persons being served (based on approved capacity).
E. The facility shall be subject to the approval of the Township Fire Chief and subject to all State and County Health Department requirements.
F. In its approval of the child-care center, the Planning Commission may require the establishment and use of an outdoor play area of at least a specified size. The outdoor play area shall be completely enclosed by a chain-link or solid fence of at least four feet in height. If it is located adjacent to a residential use, it shall be screened by vegetation having a height when planted of at least five feet.
G. All refuse collection facilities shall be screened from view by adequate fencing.

Churches and other houses of worship

CHURCH
An institution, place or building that is attended by persons for the purpose of participating in or convening religious services, meetings and other activities associated with the ministry or other religious objectives of the church. "Church" also includes other houses of worship commonly referred to by other terms, such as "synagogue," "mosque," "temple," "chapel" or "worship center."

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2 MHC R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 3 seats in the main worship room.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-6.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-7.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

MHC District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-9.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Church or other place of worship.

A. A church or other place of worship shall be located on a lot of at least three acres in area.
B. In considering the proposed special land use, the Planning Commission shall consider the size, setbacks and other characteristics of the church building; the amount of off-street parking to be provided; any potential traffic congestion that may result from the church use; and any adverse effects of the church and its use on adjacent properties and the surrounding area.
C. Safe, convenient and paved access drives and vehicle circulation lanes within the site shall be provided.
D. If located in a residential district, the principal building shall be set back at least 100 feet from the street right-of-way line, or the building shall have such lesser setback as may be permitted in the terms of the special land use. If the use is located in a nonresidential district, the applicable minimum required principal building setbacks of the district shall apply.
E. A spire or steeple may exceed the building height limitation that would otherwise apply, if permitted in the terms of the special land use.
F. Parking lots shall be reasonably screened if located adjacent to residential lands.
G. Playgrounds, athletic grounds or similar recreational areas may be permitted on the site, if approved within the terms of the special land use.
H. A child-care center may be operated in the church building or other permitted principal building, if approved as a part of the special land use, subject to compliance with the following requirements:

(1) Appropriate fencing, child dropoff and pickup areas, outdoor play areas, and other design elements and operational characteristics for the safety of the children attending the facility shall be provided.
(2) If the child-care center is required to be state-licensed, the applicant shall obtain and comply with the applicable license, and a copy thereof and of any renewal shall be promptly furnished to the Zoning Administrator. If the facility is required to be state-licensed under the terms of the Child Care Organizations Act, it shall also comply with the requirements for the child-care center special land use stated in § 450-23.14: Child day-care home of this article.

Commercial accessory waterfront uses

COMMERCIAL ACCESSORY WATERFRONT USE
The keeping, rental, launching and use of nonmotorized kayaks, canoes, rowboats, sailboats, paddleboats, paddleboards, wind surfboards and similar nonmotorized buoyant devices (except rafts), but only as a use that is accessory to a permitted principal commercial use located on a lakefront property in the B-1 or B-2 District.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Commercial accessory waterfront uses.

A. Commercial accessory waterfront uses are limited to the keeping, rental, launching and use of nonmotorized recreational watercraft and other recreational buoyant devices (except rafts), but only insofar as such use is accessory to a permitted principal commercial use located on a property fronting on a lake in the B-1 and B-2 Districts.
B. The nonmotorized recreational watercraft and other recreational buoyant devices that may be kept, launched, rented and used in the special land use are kayaks, canoes, rowboats, sailboats, paddleboats, paddleboards, wind surfboards and similar nonmotorized watercraft and other nonmotorized buoyant devices (except rafts) whereby persons may travel or float for recreational purposes on a lake.
C. The maximum number of nonmotorized kayaks, canoes, rowboats, sailboats and paddleboats that shall be docked or moored on or launched from a lakefront property shall not exceed six of such vessels, in any combination, in accordance with § 126-11: Total number of vessels of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking, of the Township of Cannon.
D. The maximum number of paddleboards, wind surfboards and similar flat buoyant devices (except rafts) that may be kept, launched, rented and used on or from a lakefront property shall be as determined in the approval of the special land use.
E. The placement and use of a raft as an accessory use to a permitted principal commercial use shall not be subject to the special land use, but shall be regulated exclusively by § 126-24: Approval of rafts, common docks and commercial boat launching and docking and other applicable provisions of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking. A raft shall be as defined in § 126-7: Definitions of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking.
F. The special land use shall be approved only in accordance with the special land use standards of § 450-23.05: Terms and conditions of approval and upon findings based on the following:

(1) Whether the proposed use would contribute to significant overcrowding of the lake.
(2) Whether the proposed use would create a nuisance or impair the condition or quality of the lake as a natural resource available for reasonable recreational use.
(3) Whether the proposed use would otherwise result in or substantially contribute to adverse or unsafe conditions in or on the lake or adjacent lands.

G. The terms of the special land use shall not be inconsistent with applicable provisions of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking, to the extent that such chapter may regulate the commercial accessory use of the nonmotorized watercraft and other buoyant devices as described in this section on and from waterfront lands in the B-1 and B-2 Districts.

Commercial recreation facilities

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
Bowling centers: 5 parking spaces per bowling lane.
Indoor theaters: 1 parking space per 4 seats, plus 4 parking spaces per screen.
Skating rinks: 6 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area.
Racquet clubs: 1 parking space per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area or 6 parking spaces per court, whichever is greater.
Miniature golf: 1.5 parking spaces per hole.
Video amusement establishments: 1 parking space per 70 square feet of gross floor area, with a minimum of 6 parking spaces required.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district and includes bowling centers, indoor theaters, skating rinks, racquet clubs, miniature golf, video amusement establishments and similar uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Community center buildings

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit LR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 4 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, or 1 parking space per 3 fixed seats whether public or private, whichever is greater.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

LR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-10.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Composting operations, commercial

COMMERCIAL COMPOSTING OPERATION
The business of providing on-site decomposition of source-separated yard waste and agricultural by-products including but not limited to leaves, grass clippings, brush, garden waste, tree trimmings, plant prunings, and similar woody waste or other vegetative by-products.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR and I-Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Commercial composting operations.

A. Nature of composting materials.

(1) The operation shall not involve the processing, storage or on-site handling of general household refuse material and shall be limited to the processing of source-separated yard waste and agricultural by-products, including but not limited to the following: leaves, grass clippings, brush, garden waste, tree trimmings, plant prunings, and similar woody waste or other vegetative by-products.
(2) The on-site processing of mixed refuse consisting of paper, textiles, and other organic material classified as mixed municipal solid waste shall be permitted only if the site in question has been identified and included in the Kent County Solid Waste Management Plan. Prior to the commencement of operations involving mixed municipal solid waste, the facility shall be approved and licensed by the State of Michigan as a solid waste processing facility as defined by Public Act 641 of 1978, as amended.[1]

B. Site development requirements.

(1) To ensure maximum flexibility for operating areas, material isolation, and buffering, the site shall consist of a minimum of 20 acres.
(2) The site shall have direct access to a paved county primary road or state highway and all access shall be limited to that road.
(3) All windrows, material screening areas and material staging areas used to temporarily stockpile material prior to placement in windrows shall be located a minimum of 150 feet from property lines and a minimum of 1,000 feet from any residential dwelling or any residential lot within a platted subdivision or site condominium.
(4) Material handling, staging and processing areas shall be located in consideration of prevailing winds and situated to provide maximum isolation and screening from adjacent properties.
(5) Appropriate site grading and drainage shall be provided. Material stockpiling and processing areas shall be a minimum of 200 feet from wetlands, floodplains, or established surface waters. Grading plans shall illustrate measures proposed to prevent ponding of surface water and leachate runoff.
(6) No operations shall be established on property where the prevailing water table is less than six feet below the natural grade. Soil borings shall be taken from throughout the property to determine the depth to water table.
(7) All primary access drives shall be paved. Internal service drives shall be graveled to reduce dust conditions.

C. Additional considerations. In addition to the site plan required by Article 22, a proposed operation and management plan shall be submitted containing the following information:

(1) Type of organic material to be composted and otherwise processed on the site.
(2) Hours of operation and access by the public, if any.
(3) Types of equipment to be utilized on site.
(4) Size of windrows and rates of turning.
(5) Source of water and method of irrigation.
(6) Security measures such as gates and fences.
(7) Operation and management techniques to be used to minimize odors.
(8) Landscaping and buffering plans.
(9) Measures to be taken in handling sorted material such as plastic bags and other noncompostable material.
(10) On-site associated accessory activities.
(11) Prior to final approval, the applicant shall demonstrate that all appropriate county and state agency permits have been obtained.

Contractor yards for construction equipment

CONTRACTOR YARD
An area of land used for the purpose of parking and/or storing heavy equipment or other equipment used for earth moving, lawn maintenance and similar activities, in which such equipment is located either in a completely enclosed building or, if located out of doors, is fully enclosed or shielded, as may be required by the Township.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2 I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 and I Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts including bulldozers, backhoes and dump trucks.
All such equipment and vehicles shall be stored indoors or otherwise fully screened from view of surrounding properties and streets.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Contractor yard.

A. Adequate, safe and convenient driveways for the ingress and egress of construction equipment and other contractor equipment shall be provided.
B. The contractor yard shall have such area and such minimum frontage on a public street as is specified in the special land use.
C. All storage areas shall comply with the same setback requirements that are applicable to principal buildings and structures in the zone district.
D. Outdoor parking and storage of vehicles and equipment shall be set back at least 200 feet from any residential zone or residential use; provided, however, that the Planning Commission may reduce such setback if the Commission determines that the parking area will be adequately screened from residential lands with a solid fence or equivalent landscaped screening.
E. Adequate landscaping, buffering or other design features shall be provided to ensure that the use is reasonably compatible with adjacent and nearby land uses.
F. In its approval of the special land use, the Planning Commission may determine the maximum height of construction equipment being stored out of doors, such as excavation equipment, cranes and the like.
G. The Planning Commission may include conditions for the purpose of avoiding adverse effects on other lands, such as fencing of the entire contractor yard, measures for control of noise, dust and the like and similar protective provisions.

Docks and marine storage devices

MARINE STORAGE DEVICE
A mechanical apparatus placed on, at or near the shore of a separate land frontage on a lake or other body of water for the purpose of holding, mooring or otherwise confining a motorboat or other watercraft in, on or above the water in the lake or other body of water.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed LR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

LR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the LR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-10.02: Permitted land uses.

Boat docks and shoreland protection.

A. The purpose of this section is to encourage, protect, and preserve the use of lakes and streams for recreational activities, such as boating, fishing, and swimming; to prevent overuse, overcrowding, and misuse of these water resources; to protect and preserve the quality of these waters from pollution and to otherwise protect the health, safety, and welfare of persons using these lakes and streams.
B. This section is subject to the provisions of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking, of the Code of the Township of Cannon, to the extent that such chapter pertains to lakes. If any provision of this section is contrary to or inconsistent with those provisions of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking, with respect to lakes, the latter chapter shall control.
C. Boat docks and marine storage devices are permitted as accessory structures and uses on lots and parcels which front on a navigable body of water, subject to the terms of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking, including § 126-10: Docking thereof.
D. No dock for boat use shall be located, utilized or placed within seven feet of the side lot lines of a lot or parcel as extended to the center of the lake or body of water, except that off-shore marine storage devices may be located within two feet of a side lot line as so extended to the center of the lake or body of water. No watercraft shall be launched, stored, moored or docked within two feet of the side lot lines of a property as extended to the center of the lake or body of water, except certain common docks as described and regulated in § 126-23: Setback and placement of Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking.
E. In all zoning districts there shall be at least 70 feet of lake frontage, as measured along the ordinary high-water mark of the lake, for each dwelling unit, single-family dwelling, cottage, condominium unit, site condominium unit, or apartment unit utilizing or accessing the lake frontage. This restriction shall apply to all lots and parcels on or abutting any lake in any zoning district, regardless of whether access to the lake shall be by easement, park, common-fee ownership, single-fee ownership, condominium arrangement, license or lease. This paragraph shall not apply, however, to Lake Bella Vista or North Lake Bella Vista, in that the current use of those lakes attributable to nonfrontage lands is considered a lawful nonconforming use under the terms of this chapter.
F. Commercial accessory waterfront uses in the B-1 Neighborhood Business District and the B-2 General Business District, as such uses are defined therein and in § 450-2.02: Definitions, shall be subject to the special land use provisions of § 450-23.18: Commercial accessory waterfront uses.

See also Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking for more detailed information.

Drive-through facilities when accessory to a permitted use

DRIVE-IN, DRIVE-UP or DRIVE-THROUGH FACILITIES
Any facility used to serve patrons of a business while in their motor vehicles, either exclusively or in addition to service within a building or structure, or to provide food carry-out for patrons.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts and includes banks, credit unions, pharmacies and dry cleaners, but not including drive-through restaurants.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district and includes banks, credit unions, pharmacies and dry cleaners, but not including drive-through restaurants.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Drive-through facilities accessory to a permitted use.

A. This special land use includes drive-through facilities for permitted banks, credit unions, pharmacies, dry cleaners and other retail-related drive-through facilities, but it does not include drive-through facilities at restaurants, which are addressed elsewhere in this chapter.
B. In considering the special land use, the Planning Commission shall consider the following, among other factors: the proposed location for the drive-through portion of the use; the size, setbacks and other features of the building in which the drive-through facility would be located; the proximity of the drive-through facility and the applicable driving lane to adjacent lands and uses; and the off-street parking spaces and areas provided for the business which includes the drive-through facility.
C. The entrance to and exit from the drive-through facility shall be located so as to avoid potential traffic congestion or hazards resulting from the entrance and exit of motor vehicles to and from the facility.
D. There shall be adequate stacking space for vehicles on the site, to avoid motor vehicles being lined up to an extent that will interfere with other traffic circulation on the site or which may result in infringement of entry or exit driveways.

Driveways and shared driveways

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DRIVEWAY
An undedicated, privately controlled and maintained easement, right-of-way, or other interest in land which provides vehicular access from a public or private street to one lot or one principal building, dwelling, dwelling unit or any combination thereof.

DRIVEWAY, SHARED
A recorded easement or right-of-way or other recorded interest in land, privately controlled and maintained, which provides vehicular access from a public or private street to two lots or two principal buildings, dwellings, dwelling units or any combination thereof.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 I LR MHC M-PUD R-1 R-2 R-3 R-PUD RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

Driveways and shared driveways.

A. This section applies only to driveways and shared driveways as defined in this chapter.
B. A building permit shall not be issued for a dwelling, other principal building or other principal structure which is to be served by a driveway or shared driveway unless the proposed driveway complies with the requirements of this section. A driveway or shared driveway subject to this section shall comply with all of the following minimum requirements:

(1) Minimum construction requirements.

(a) A driveway shall provide access to only one lot or one principal building, dwelling, dwelling unit or any combination thereof. A shared driveway shall provide access to two lots, parcels, buildings, dwellings or dwelling units or any combination thereof.
(b) A shared driveway shall be located within a recorded easement not less than 33 feet wide.
(c) The area in which the driveway or shared driveway is to be located shall have a minimum cleared width of 20 feet.
(d) Tree branches or other vegetation extending over any part of the minimum cleared width of a driveway or shared driveway shall be trimmed to a height of at least 14 feet above the ground.
(e) The traveled surface of a driveway shall be at least 12 feet wide; the traveled surface of a shared driveway shall be at least 16 feet wide.
(f) The traveled surface of a driveway or shared driveway shall have a subbase of stable soil and a minimum top surface of six inches of MDOT 22A compacted gravel.
(g) The driving surface of the driveway or shared driveway shall be crowned to facilitate drainage.
(h) The inside radius of any driveway or shared driveway curve shall be a minimum of 50 feet.
(i) The longitudinal slope of a driveway that is 75 feet or more in length or a shared driveway that is 75 feet or more in length shall not exceed 10%, unless a steeper driveway is approved by the Zoning Administrator and the Township Engineer.
(j) The traveled surface, cleared width, and cleared area above the driveway or shared driveway shall be adequately maintained by the property owner, or by those persons with a legal right to use the driveway, to ensure safe passage of private and emergency vehicles.
(k) If a driveway or shared driveway crosses any natural stream or drainagecourse, adequate provisions shall be taken to maintain the surface water flow to the satisfaction of the Zoning Administrator and any other agency having jurisdiction.

[1] The method used in crossing any natural stream, drainagecourse, or similar feature shall have a sufficient load capacity to safely support Fire Department equipment.
[2] Measures shall be taken to prevent soil from entering the stream or drainagecourse during and after construction, in accordance with Chapter 388: Stormwater Management, or as required by the Township Engineer.

(l) A driveway or shared driveway shall be no closer than 25 feet to a stream, drainagecourse or other body of water, except where the driveway or shared driveway crosses the natural stream, drainagecourse or other body of water.
(m) The street address of the lot or parcel served by the driveway, and the street addresses of the lots or parcels served by the shared driveway, shall be posted in a conspicuous place on the respective properties so that the address or addresses are visible from the intersecting public street or private road.

(2) The application for a building permit for a building, dwelling or structure which is to be served by a driveway or shared driveway shall include a driveway permit issued by the County Road Commission, if applicable.
(3) A shared driveway which intersects a public road shall not be located closer than 125 feet, center line to center line, to another shared driveway, or public street or private road intersection. The Zoning Administrator may reduce the separation distance upon a finding that existing conditions, such as lot widths, locations of other shared driveways or roads, topography, or other natural constraints, make compliance impractical.
(4) If there is an existing easement for a shared driveway that is intended to provide access to a lot of record, a building permit shall not be issued for a principal building on the lot, unless the easement and the shared driveway comply with the requirements of this section.
(5) A shared driveway existing as of April 10, 2000, which thereafter becomes a private road by approved extension or other approved means, the existing portion of the shared driveway shall be treated as an existing private road under § 450-28.10: Existing private roads.
(6) A certificate of occupancy shall not be issued for any principal building, dwelling, dwelling unit or other principal structure located on property, the access to which is gained by a driveway or shared driveway, until the driveway or shared driveway has been completed as required by this article, except that if, at the time a certificate of occupancy may otherwise be issued, inclement weather conditions prevent the completion of the driveway or shared driveway, the certificate may nevertheless be issued if the Building Official determines that safe and convenient access to the dwelling is assured, but, in such a case, the driveway or shared driveway shall be fully completed in accordance with this article as soon as weather conditions permit.
(7) The design, construction and use of a driveway of 75 feet or more in length or a shared driveway of 75 feet or more in length, including the extension, improvement or relocation of a driveway or a shared driveway, is subject to the issuance of a driveway or shared driveway permit by the Zoning Administrator, upon verification of compliance with the driveway or shared driveway requirements of this section.

See Driveway Permit for additional information and application.
See Building Permit for application form.

Dry-cleaning establishments

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
2 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area, with a minimum of 4 required parking spaces.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts and includes dropoff/pickup stations for laundry and dry cleaning.
Central dry-cleaning plants serving more than 1 retail outlet are not permitted.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district and includes dropoff/pickup stations for laundry and dry cleaning.
Central dry-cleaning plants serving more than 1 retail outlet are not permitted.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Dwellings outside manufactured housing communities

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use LR R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR, R-2, R-3 and LR Districts:
This use is permitted in these districts.

All dwelling units located outside of manufactured housing communities shall comply with the following requirements:

A. All dwelling units shall provide a minimum height between the interior floor and ceiling of 7 1/2 feet or, if a manufactured home, it shall meet the requirements of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development regulations entitled "Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards," effective June 15, 1976, as amended.
B. The minimum width of any single-family dwelling unit shall be 24 feet for at least 67% of its length, measured between the exterior part of the walls having the greatest length.
C. All dwellings without basements shall provide a crawl space below the entire floor of the dwelling four feet in depth, with a vapor barrier consisting of two inches of concrete on the floor of the crawl space. The crawl space shall also be provided with adequate drains to drain any accumulation of water in the crawl space. The Building Inspector may allow an alternative building plan to be utilized if consistent with the approved construction code of the Township.
D. All dwellings shall be firmly attached to the foundation so as to be watertight as required by the construction code adopted by the Township or, if a manufactured home, shall be anchored to the foundation by an anchor system designed and constructed in compliance with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development Regulations entitled "Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards."
E. The wheels, pulling mechanism, and tongue of any manufactured home shall be removed prior to placement on a foundation.
F. All dwellings shall be connected to a sanitary sewer system and water supply system approved by the Township and the County Health Department.
G. All dwellings shall provide steps or porch areas, permanently attached to the foundation, where there exists an elevation differential of more than one foot between any door and the surrounding grade. All dwellings shall provide a minimum of two points of ingress and egress.
H. All additions to dwellings shall meet all the requirements of this chapter.
I. All dwellings shall be aesthetically compatible in design and appearance with other residences in the vicinity, with either a roof overhang of not less than six inches on all sides or alternatively with window sills or roof drainage systems, concentrating roof drainage at collection points along sides of the dwellings. The compatibility of design and appearance shall be determined in the first instance by the Building Inspector upon review of the plans submitted for a particular dwelling. An appeal by an aggrieved party may be taken to the Zoning Board of Appeals. Any determination of compatibility shall be based upon the standards set forth in this section as well as the character, design and appearance of residential dwellings located outside of manufactured home communities within 500 feet of the subject dwelling. The foregoing shall not be construed to prohibit innovative design concepts involving such matters as solar energy, view, unique land contour, or relief from the common or standard designed home.
J. Prior to issuance of a building permit for any dwelling unit, construction plans, including a plot plan adequate to illustrate compliance with the requirements of this chapter, shall be submitted to the Building Inspector. If the dwelling unit is a manufactured home, there shall also be submitted adequate evidence to assure that the dwelling complies with the standards applicable to manufactured homes set forth in this section.
K. All manufactured homes shall meet the standards for manufactured home construction contained in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development regulations entitled "Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards," effective June 15, 1976, as amended. All other dwellings shall meet the requirements of the construction code adopted by the Township.
L. A minimum of 100 square feet of enclosed storage space, excluding closets, shall be provided for each dwelling. Said enclosed storage space may consist of a basement, garage, shed or other structure approved by the Zoning Administrator.

See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

Electronic data processing centers

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Essential public service structures and buildings

ESSENTIAL SERVICE STRUCTURE OR BUILDING
A building or structure owned and operated by public utilities or municipal departments and used for gas, electrical, steam, fuel, water or sewage treatment or disposal, electrical substations, sewage lift stations which are not located entirely underground, and a similar structure or building necessary to furnish adequate service within the Township, but not including essential public service equipment.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2 LR MHC R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

Essential public service buildings.

A. The materials, color and design of buildings shall be generally compatible with the surrounding neighborhood.
B. Buildings and structures shall comply with the setback requirements of the district for principal buildings.
C. Fencing or screening may be required in order to minimize the visual impact of the facility or improve its compatibility with adjoining properties.

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing they are for public utilities only.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing they are for public utilities only.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-6.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing they are for public utilities only.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-7.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing they are for public utilities only.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

MHC District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing they are for public utilities only.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-9.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

LR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing they are for public utilities only.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-10.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

I District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Essential Service Equipment

Executive, administrative professional offices and facilities

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Family child-care homes

FAMILY CHILD-CARE HOME
A private home in which at least one but fewer than seven minor children are receiving care and supervision for periods of less than 24 hours per day, unattended by a parent or legal guardian, except children related to an adult member of the family by blood, marriage or adoption. A family day-care home includes a home that gives care to an unrelated minor child for more than four weeks during a calendar year.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed LR R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 8 clients plus 1 parking space per employee, with a minimum of 3 parking spaces provided.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 minor children and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.

R-1 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 minor children and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-6.02: Permitted land uses.

R-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 minor children and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-7.02: Permitted land uses.

R-3 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 minor children and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-3 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-8.02: Permitted land uses.

LR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there are no more than 6 minor children and the facility must be state-licensed.
Land, buildings and structures in the LR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-10.02: Permitted land uses.

Farm markets (800 square feet or less)

FARM MARKET
The seasonal selling or offering for sale at retail of homegrown vegetables or other produce, occurring in a predesignated area, where the vendors are generally individuals who have raised the vegetables or other produce and also including the incidental sale of agriculturally related products.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing the farm markets shall have no more than 800 square feet of building area and must sell primarily farm products grown on the premises.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.

Farm markets (exceeding 800 square feet)

FARM MARKET
The seasonal selling or offering for sale at retail of homegrown vegetables or other produce, occurring in a predesignated area, where the vendors are generally individuals who have raised the vegetables or other produce and also including the incidental sale of agriculturally related products.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district and include those farm markets having more than 800 square feet of building area.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Farm markets exceeding 800 square feet.

A. Adequate off-street parking shall be maintained in a dust-free condition.
B. The building in which the operation is conducted shall be located not less than 100 feet from any dwelling on a neighboring property.
C. The minimum setback for all uses and structures associated with the operation shall be in accordance with minimum setbacks for the district.
D. All structures which are temporary in nature shall be removed when the operation is not active.
E. No building or display area shall extend into any required yard or required parking or maneuvering areas for vehicles.
F. The special land use shall include terms and conditions on the operations of the farm market.
G. Any merchandise offered for sale in addition to agricultural produce shall be limited to items that are accessory to or reasonably related to the produce being offered for sale.

Farms and farm operations

FARMING ACTIVITIES
All operations of a farm such as the cultivation, conserving, and tillage of the soil; dairying; the production, cultivation, growing, and harvesting of any agricultural, floricultural, sod or horticultural commodities; the raising of livestock, bees, fur-bearing animals, freshwater fish, or poultry; and other practices on a farm that are incidental to or in conjunction with such farming activities.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed R-PUD RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district including general and specialized farming, to be conducted in accordance with generally accepted agricultural and management practices (GAAMPS) approved by the Michigan Commission of Agriculture.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.

R-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing there is limited farming activities within the dedicated open space, to the extent permitted in the PUD ordinance.
Land, buildings and structures in the Residential PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Fences

FENCE
A permanent enclosure, barrier, wall, structure or gate erected and used as a means of enclosing, confining or for the purpose of delineating a boundary line.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 I LR MHC M-PUD R-1 R-2 R-3 R-PUD RR

Development Requirements:

Fences.

A. Fences in any residential district shall not exceed six feet in height, measured from the natural grade at the base of the fence to the top of the fence.
B. Fences erected within the required front yard in any residential district, except the LR District, shall not exceed four feet in height. This shall apply to each front yard of a corner lot.
C. In the LR District, a fence up to four feet in height may be erected within the required rear yard on the street side. Within the front yard (water side), no fence shall be erected within 20 feet of the ordinary high-water mark and no fence in the remaining required front (water side) yard shall exceed a height of three feet.
D. Fences shall not be erected within any public street right-of-way or private road easement.
E. In the residential districts, if both sides of the fence are not identical, the finished side shall face the adjoining properties.
F. Chain-link fences shall not be erected in any front yard within a residential district, unless for the purpose of enclosing a retention or detention pond that has been approved by the Planning Commission.
G. No barbed wire or aboveground electrified fence shall be located in any residential district, except for the purpose of enclosing crops, orchards, pastures, or similar land included in a bona fide farm.
H. A non-sight-obscuring security fence up to eight feet high may be permitted around the perimeter of an essential public service building, essential public service storage yard, towers, and outdoor storage areas in the B-2 General Business District or the I Industrial District. The security fence may include a maximum of one additional foot of barbed wire.

Flagpoles

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 I LR MHC M-PUD R-1 R-2 R-3 R-PUD RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

Flagpoles.
One flagpole, not exceeding a height of 35 feet above average grade, may be erected per lot or parcel. The flagpole shall be set back at least 20 feet from all property lines. For flagpoles on nonresidential property, all flags, ropes, or other devices and accessories related thereto shall be fastened only to the flagpole; no part of any flag, rope, or other flagpole device or accessory shall be fastened to the ground or a building or any place other than the flagpole itself.

Funeral homes

FUNERAL HOME
An establishment in which deceased persons are prepared for burial or cremation, including areas for the conducting of funeral services and the display of funeral equipment, together with associated vehicle parking areas.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 50 square feet of parlor and chapel areas.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Government administrative and service buildings

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-6.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-7.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Group child-care home

GROUP CHILD-CARE HOME
A private home in which seven but not more than 12 minor children are received for care and supervision for periods less than 24 hours a day, unattended by a parent or guardian, except children related to an adult member of the family by blood, marriage, or adoption, including a home that gives care to an unrelated minor child for more than four weeks during a calendar year.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 8 clients plus 1 parking space per employee, with a minimum of 3 parking spaces provided.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 minor children only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 minor children only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-6.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 minor children only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-7.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility is for 7 to 12 minor children only and must be state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Child day-care home.

A. A child day-care home is also known as a "group child-care home" under the terms of the Child Care Organizations Act, Act 116 of 1973, as amended. The day -care home shall be state-licensed under the terms of the Act. The owner and operator of the day-care home shall comply with all applicable provisions of the Act.
B. Under the terms of its state license, the child day-care home may provide care and supervision for more than six but not more than 12 minor children for periods of less than 24 hours a day, except children related to an adult member of the family living in the home. A child day-care home shall be located only in a private single-family detached dwelling.
C. Operating hours shall be between 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. daily, unless otherwise approved by the Planning Commission based upon a finding under particular circumstances of no negative impact on neighboring properties or the surrounding area.
D. Parking shall conform to the parking regulations applicable in the district in which the facility is located.
E. The facility shall be subject to the approval of the Township Fire Chief and subject to all State and County Health Department requirements.
F. In its approval of the child day-care home, the Planning Commission may require the establishment and use of an outdoor play area of at least a specified size. The outdoor play area shall be completely enclosed by a chain-link or solid fence of at least four feet in height. If it is located adjacent to a residential use, it shall be screened by vegetation having a height when planted of at least five feet.
G. All refuse collection facilities shall be screened from view by adequate fencing.

Growers and processors of medical marihuana

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Growers and processors of medical marihuana as defined in Public Act 281 of 2016, including outdoor cultivation, if conducted in accordance with Act 281, the rules promulgated thereunder, and Chapter 290: Marihuana Facilities, Article II: Grower and/or Processor Permits. In addition, growers and processors of marihuana, as defined in Chapter 290: Marihuana Facilities, Article II, Grower and/or Processor Permits, including outdoor cultivation. if conducted in accordance with that law, the rules promulgated thereunder, and Chapter 290: Marihuana Facilities, Article II: Grower and/or Processor Permits.

Growing of trees, shrubs, sod and other nursery stock (not greenhouses)

GREENHOUSE OR NURSERY, COMMERCIAL
A retail business in which the principal activity is the selling of plants grown on the site or elsewhere and generally having outside storage, growing or display.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing that it is for wholesale purposes only; not including retail greenhouses or other retail sales.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.

Home occupations

HOME OCCUPATION
An occupation or profession that is customarily incidental and secondary to the use of a dwelling and which is carried on in the dwelling and, if permitted, in an accessory building, but which does not include a bed-and-breakfast establishment nor the conducting of a retail business or a retail trade. A home occupation is carried on by only the residents of the dwelling and not more than one other person.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use LR R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
The parking of motor vehicles resulting from the operation of the home occupation, on the parcel of land where the home occupation is located, shall be limited to not more than one commercial vehicle.
Such parking generated by the operation of the home occupation shall be provided for on the driveway of the parcel of land. The driveway shall comply with the minimum size requirements for an off-street parking space stated in § 450-27.06: Size of parking area spaces and aisles.
The parking of motor vehicles resulting from the conducting of the home occupation shall not be permitted on the adjacent street or in any yard of the parcel of land.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR, R-2, R-3 and LR Districts:
This use is permitted in these districts.

The home occupation shall be conducted entirely within the dwelling, with the following exception(s):

(1) The use may be conducted entirely within a dwelling, garage or accessory building unattached to the dwelling in property zoned in the RR District as long as the use is not prohibited in a planned unit development ordinance, recorded deed restrictions or other similar applicable recorded restrictions upon the parcel.
(2) Any dwelling, garage or accessory building used in the home occupation shall comply with all other applicable Township ordinances and requirements.

The use shall be conducted entirely within the dwelling, or in a permitted accessory building in the RR District, subject to Subsection (1) above. It shall be carried on only by the residents of the dwelling and not more than one other person.

The use of the dwelling for a home occupation shall be clearly accessory, incidental and subordinate to the permitted principal residential use, and shall not utilize more than 20% of the floor area of the principal building.

The appearance of the dwelling shall not be altered, nor shall the occupation within the dwelling be conducted in any manner that would cause the premises to differ from its residential character either by the use of colors, materials, construction, lighting or the emission of sounds, vibrations or light that carry beyond the premises.

There shall be no selling of goods, merchandise, supplies or products, except on an occasional basis, provided that orders previously made by telephone or at a sales event off the premises may be filled on the premises.

No outdoor storage or display shall be permitted.

No combustible, toxic or hazardous materials may be used or stored on the premises, except in a safe manner and in full compliance with all federal, state and other governmental requirements concerning the use, handling, transport, storage and disposal of any such materials.

There shall be no activity that would interfere with radio or television transmission in the area, nor shall there be any offensive noise, vibrations, smoke, dust, odors, heat or glare noticeable at or beyond the property line.

Traffic generated by the combined home and home occupation shall be compatible with traffic normally expected in a residential district, and shall in no case be greater than 20 vehicle trips per day (10 in and 10 out).

There shall be no deliveries from commercial suppliers, other than on an occasional or incidental basis.

No sign identifying the home occupation shall be displayed.

Homes for the elderly and retired

HOMES FOR THE ELDERLY AND RETIRED
An institution, other than a hospital or hotel, which provides room and board to nontransient persons primarily 55 years of age and older. Housing for the elderly may include:

A. RETIREMENT OR SENIOR HOUSING
Age-restricted housing, primarily for those who are 55 years of age or older, which may include detached and attached dwelling units, and may provide personal care, and supervision of medication, safety amenities and adaptations for physical impairments, central dining facilities and may provide other services, such as recreation, personal services, limited health facilities, and transportation.

B. HOME FOR THE AGED
A supervised personal care facility, other than a hotel, adult foster care facility, hospital or nursing home, that provides room, board, and supervised personal care to persons 60 years of age or older. "Home for the aged" includes a supervised personal care facility for persons 60 years of age or older if the facility is operated as a part of a licensed nursing home.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
Independent living units: 1 parking space per unit, plus 1 parking space per employee.
"Interim" or "intermediate care" retirement communities: 1 parking space per each room or 2 beds, whichever is less, plus 1 parking space per employee.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Homes for the elderly and retired.

A. The minimum lot area shall be as determined by the Planning Commission, but in any case, it shall not be less than two acres.
B. The Planning Commission shall determine minimum lot width, minimum street frontage and the number, location and width of access driveways.
C. The minimum number of off-street parking spaces shall be as specified in Article 27.
D. No part of any building may be closer than 100 feet to an adjacent lot line, except that the Planning Commission may reduce this setback requirement to not less than 25 feet if it finds that such reduction in the setback will not be injurious to the use or enjoyment of nearby properties; will not result in traffic or other safety hazards; and will not materially impair the intent and purpose of this chapter or the public's interest.
E. Each building must provide the equivalent of 250 square feet of floor area for each tenant or occupant, exclusive of basement or attic space, whether or not such spaces are in a finished condition.
F. If the use is required to be state-licensed, any such license shall be maintained in full force and effect and all of its terms and conditions shall be fully complied with; a copy of the license and each instrument of renewal thereof shall be promptly furnished to the Township Zoning Office.
G. All refuse collection facilities shall be screened from view by adequate fencing.

Hotels and motels

HOTEL and MOTEL
A facility offering lodging accommodations to the general public for a daily or other rate and which may or may not provide additional services, such as restaurants, meeting rooms and recreational facilities.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per guest room, plus 1 parking space per 2 employees. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Hotel and motel.

A. In considering the special land use, the Planning Commission shall determine minimum lot area, minimum lot width and minimum building setbacks for the use.
B. The hotel or motel shall be located on and shall have direct access from a major street.
C. Driveways and parking areas shall have sufficient space to accommodate vehicles of patrons waiting to check into the hotel or motel or waiting to depart therefrom.
D. There shall be sufficient landscaping, buffering and isolation area from other lands to avoid adverse impacts by reason of view, traffic noise or other adverse effects.
E. Driveways and parking areas for delivery and service vehicles may be required to be separated from driveways and parking areas used by the public.
F. In approving the special land use, the Planning Commission shall determine other required aspects of the use, including public water and sanitary sewer service, stormwater drainage measures, landscaping, signage and other aspects of the use.

Industrial or industrially related land uses, other

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
Other industrial or industrially related land uses which are similar in character to the land uses described in this section, if determined by the Planning Commission under § 450-1.07: Land uses not specifically permitted in district are permitted in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Keeping of domestic animals

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed LR M-PUD R-1 R-2 R-3 R-PUD RR

Development Requirements:

Keeping of domestic animals.

A. Ordinary household pets, such as dogs and cats and other animals customarily kept as pets, are permitted in the Township subject to other provisions of this chapter, other Township ordinances, and applicable law.
B. Livestock such as, but not limited to, horses, cattle, goats, pigs, sheep, llamas and buffalo are permitted in the RR District, on parcels of two acres or more. Horses are permitted in the R-1 District on parcels of 2 1/2 acres or more. On parcels of 10 acres or less in the RR District and the R-1 District, the number of such permitted animals shall not exceed one animal for each acre.

Kennels, commercial

KENNEL, COMMERCIAL
A parcel of land, building or other premises on which three or more dogs, cats, or other household pets are boarded, bred or sold for commercial purposes.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Commercial kennels and stables.

A. The minimum lot area for a commercial kennel is two acres, plus an additional 1/3 of an acre for each animal in excess of six.
B. The minimum lot area for a commercial stable is 10 acres, not including areas devoted to living quarters or other uses not incidental to the stable.
C. Buildings for the housing of animals shall not be located within 300 feet of any property line or street right-of-way.
D. Areas for riding trails or riding purposes shall be located on the same premises, unless the owner has written permission to use adjacent lands for said purpose. Access to riding areas shall not necessitate the riding or leading of animals upon or across a public road.
E. The premises shall include storage adequate for the disposal of manure and refuse, have proper insect control methods and be suitably fenced.

Laundromats

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 3 washing machines.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Live/work dwelling units

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district for dwelling use and permitted commercial uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

Lumberyards

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district including other building supply establishments.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Manufacture, compounding, processing, packaging, treating, and assembling facilities

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
1.5 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Manufacture, compounding, processing, packaging, treating, and assembling from previously prepared materials for the production of:

1. Food products, including meat, dairy, fruit, vegetable, seafood, grain, bakery, confectionery, beverage, and kindred foods.
2. Textile mill products, including woven fabric, knit goods, dying and finishing, floor coverings, yarn and thread, and other textile goods.
3. Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics, leather goods, fur, canvas, and similar materials.
4. Lumber and wood products, including mill work, prefabricated structural wood products and containers.
5. Furniture and fixtures.
6. Paperboard containers, building paper, building board,.and bookbinding.
7. Printed and published written and graphic materials.
8. Chemical products such as plastics, perfumes, synthetic fibers.
9. Engineering, measuring, optic, medical, lenses, photographic, and similar instruments.
10. Jewelry, silverware, toys, athletic equipment, musical instruments, and signs and displays.
11. Metal products; products derived from minerals, and other naturally occurring substances.

Manufactured homes within manufactured housing communities

MANUFACTURED HOME
A factory-built, single-family residential structure that is transportable in one or more sections, is built on a permanent chassis or foundation and is used as a dwelling, but which is not constructed with a permanent hitch or other device allowing transport of the dwelling unit other than for the purpose of delivery to a permanent site, and which does not have wheels or axles permanently attached to its body or frame.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed MHC

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

MHC District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-9.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Manufactured homes

A. Home size. Manufactured homes within a community shall not contain less than 760 square feet of area, as measured by the outside dimensions, nor have an outside width of less than 13 feet.
B. Installation. The installation of manufactured housing on each site within the community shall conform with the requirements of Rule 602 and Rule 602a of the Manufactured Housing Commission Rules. All utility connections to homes within the community shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of Rule 603 of the Manufactured Housing Commission Rules.
C. Skirting shall be installed around all manufactured housing units and meet all of the following requirements:

(1) Such skirting shall be compatible aesthetically with the appearance and construction of the manufactured housing unit. All skirting shall be installed prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. In the event that such installation is delayed due to weather, or for other similar reasons, a temporary certificate of occupancy may be issued for a period not to exceed 90 days. All skirting shall meet the requirements established by the Rules of the Michigan Manufactured Housing Commission.
(2) Individual manufactured housing units shall be skirted around the perimeter of the manufactured housing unit to conceal the underbody from view. Skirting shall be vented in accordance with the requirements of Rule 604 of the Manufactured Housing Commission Rules. All skirting shall be manufactured of fire-resistant material and certified as such by the manufacturer. Skirting shall be installed in a manner so as to resist damage under normal weather conditions and shall be properly maintained.

D. Storage of personal property.

(1) Except as otherwise noted in this chapter, no personal property, including tires, shall be stored outside or under any mobile home, or within carports which are open on any side.
(2) Bicycles and motorcycles may be parked in carports. Seasonal outdoor storage of outdoor cooking grills is permitted so long as they are kept on either a finished wooden deck, a concrete or bituminous asphalt patio or equivalent type of surface associated with the home.
(3) Storage sheds with a maximum area of 144 square feet may be placed upon any individual mobile home site for the storage of personal property.
(4) Towing mechanisms shall be removed from all homes at the time of installation and stored so as not to be visible from the exterior of the community. Towing mechanisms, including axles, may, however, be stored under manufactured homes within a community.

E. A manufactured home shall be used only as a single-family dwelling. This provision shall not be construed to preclude the siting of model manufactured homes on licensed sites in a manufactured housing community.
F. No manufactured home shall be occupied for dwelling purposes unless it is placed on a site or lot and connected to water, sanitary sewer, electrical, and other facilities as may be necessary, prior to Building Official inspection and approval.
G. New or pre-owned manufactured homes, which are to remain on-site in the manufactured housing community, may be sold by the resident, owner or a licensed dealer or broker, provided that manufactured housing development management permits the sale.
H. The owner or operator of any community shall be responsible for all street maintenance within the confines of the community and shall be responsible for all snow removal within the confines of the community and shall be responsible for picking up trash and garbage within the confines of the community.
I. Swimming pools, if provided, shall be in compliance with Act 368 of the Public Acts of 1978, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder.
J. Individual fuel oil, liquid petroleum, or other fuel tanks or combustible personal property shall not be permitted to be stored in or under any home.
K. Each home site shall be provided with approved garbage containers that meet the requirements of the Manufactured Housing Commission. The containers shall be kept in sanitary conditions at all times. It shall be the responsibility of the community operator to ensure that all garbage containers do not overflow and to ensure that all areas within the community are maintained free from any trash or other discarded materials.
L. Every community shall be equipped with fire extinguishment equipment in good working order, with type, size and number so located as to be in compliance with Rule 702a of the Manufactured Housing Commission Rules. Each fire extinguisher shall be periodically examined and kept at all times in a usable condition in compliance with the regulations of the State Police, Fire Marshal Division.

The wheels, pulling mechanism, and tongue of any manufactured home shall be removed prior to placement on a foundation.
All manufactured homes shall meet the standards for manufactured home construction contained in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development regulations entitled "Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards," effective June 15, 1976, as amended. All other dwellings shall meet the requirements of the construction code adopted by the Township.

Medical or dental laboratory

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Mini warehouses and self-storage facilities

MINI WAREHOUSE or SELF-STORAGE
A building, or group of buildings, in a controlled access and/or fenced compound that contains individual and controlled-access stalls or lockers for the storage of a customer's goods or possessions.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2 I

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per storage unit, plus requirements for rental office, if any.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1, B-2 and I Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Mini warehouse and self-storage facility.

A. Only storage uses shall be permitted, except for sales of products and supplies incidental to the principal use, such as packing materials, labels, rope, locks, tape or similar items.
B. The storage of combustible or flammable liquids, combustible fibers or explosive materials, as defined in the Fire Protection Code, or toxic materials, is prohibited.
C. Site access shall be directly from a paved public street.
D. Individual businesses other than the storage use itself are prohibited.
E. The minimum separation between self-storage buildings shall be 24 feet.
F. Internal drive aisles shall be at least 24 feet wide and shall be clearly marked to indicate the direction of traffic flow.
G. Adequate parking spaces and loading and unloading spaces shall be provided.
H. Storage buildings shall not exceed one story in height. The Planning Commission may limit the floor area of an individual storage building.
I. All goods and items shall be stored only in an enclosed building.
J. Storage unit doors shall not face a public street right-of-way.
K. In approving the special land use, the Planning Commission may include terms and conditions for the purpose of avoiding adverse effects of the use on adjacent or nearby lands.

Motor vehicle repair, and body shops, major

MOTOR VEHICLE REPAIR
A garage, building or area used primarily for the repair of automobiles, trucks, boats, farm equipment, trailers or similar motor vehicles.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2 I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing all work shall be performed within a fully enclosed building; any outdoor storage of motor vehicles or parts thereof shall be fully screened from view on all sides.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing all work shall be done in an enclosed building.
Damaged vehicles shall not be kept on site for long term storage.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Motor vehicle repair.

A. The site shall be a sufficient area to provide space for the parking of vehicles at the repair shop, including vehicles being repaired, those being parked for repair at a future time and the temporary parking of vehicles for service or departure from the site.
B. Driveways, service areas and off-street parking areas shall be paved. They shall be graded and drained so as to properly dispose of all accumulated surface water.
C. The number of driveways and the location and width thereof shall be subject to Planning Commission approval.
D. The setbacks of buildings, internal driveways and other features shall be as determined by the Planning Commission.
E. All motor vehicle repair and related services shall be conducted only in a fully enclosed building, except for necessary parking of vehicles out of doors when repair activities are not occurring.

Motor vehicle service stations

MOTOR VEHICLE SERVICE STATION
A building, land area or other premises where petroleum-based fuels or other petroleum products are sold, light maintenance of motor vehicles may be conducted and convenience goods or services may be offered, but not including major motor vehicle maintenance such as engine overhaul, vehicle painting and the like.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
3 parking spaces per service bay plus 1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area for retail areas. Service bays and areas either side of a gas pump shall count as parking spaces.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts including minor vehicle repair services. All services must take place within a fully enclosed building.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district including minor vehicle repair services. All services must take place within a fully enclosed building.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Motor vehicle service station.

A. In approving the special land use, the Planning Commission shall determine minimum lot area, minimum lot width and minimum street frontage.
B. The Planning Commission shall determine the location and number of driveways for the use and the width thereof.
C. All fueling pumps shall be at least 30 feet from any lot line or street right-of-way and shall be arranged to prevent motor vehicles waiting to be serviced from encroaching on a sidewalk, street, intersection or other right-of-way.
D. Minor vehicle repair work may be permitted if conducted inside a fully enclosed building, except for incidental services, such as adding of motor oil, windshield wiper fluid and other fluids or minor additions or adjustments.
E. All areas designed for vehicles shall be paved.
F. If the use adjoins a residentially zoned property, the Planning Commission may require a six-foot-high solid wall or fence, or substantial landscaped screening, along the shared property line.
G. All outside storage areas for trash, auto parts and similar items shall be located in the rear yard and shall be fully enclosed.
H. Accessory retail uses in the service station building may be permitted in accordance with conditions included in the special land use. Adequate off-street parking for customers of any such accessory retail uses shall be provided.

Motor vehicle wash facilities

MOTOR VEHICLE WASH FACILITY
A building, land area and other premises and equipment designed and used for the washing and cleaning of motor vehicles, whether by means of automated equipment or with equipment designed to be used by customers for the washing and cleaning of motor vehicles driven to the premises for that purpose.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Vehicle Parking:
Automobile washing establishments (automatic): 1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area in employee work areas, plus 15 stacking spaces per wash bay entrance, plus 2 drying spaces per exit.
Automobile wash establishments (self-service): 1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area in employee work areas, plus 3 stacking spaces per wash bay entrance.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Motor vehicle wash facility.

A. All washing activities must be carried on within a building, except for outdoor temporary drying of vehicles.
B. Vacuums shall be at least 100 feet from any building on an adjoining property.
C. The entrances and exits of the vehicle wash building and areas provided for the outdoor drying of vehicles shall be arranged to prevent queued or parked motor vehicles from encroaching on a sidewalk, street, intersection or other right-of-way.
D. Adequate vehicle stacking spaces shall be provided for each self-serve wash stall and for each automatic wash lane.
E. All off-street parking areas and maneuvering lanes shall be adequately drained to prevent water from flowing onto adjacent property or street rights-of-way.

Multiple-family dwelling units located above a ground floor

DWELLING, MULTIPLE-FAMILY
A building containing three or more individual dwelling units.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district when used for permitted commercial or office uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

Multiple-family dwellings

DWELLING, MULTIPLE-FAMILY
A building containing three or more individual dwelling units.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD R-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit R-2 R-3

Vehicle Parking:
2 parking spaces per dwelling unit.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

R-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the multiple-family building shall not include more than 4 dwelling units.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-7.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing the multiple-family building shall not include more than 4 dwelling units.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-3 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-8.02: Permitted land uses.
Multiple-family buildings shall be designed to avoid excessive length and box-like appearance, and to have varied architectural features, in order to provide variety in appearance and so that such buildings would be in keeping with the generally rural character of the Township.

R-3 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the multiple-family building shall not include more than 8 dwelling units.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
Multiple-family buildings shall be designed to avoid excessive length and box-like appearance, and to have varied architectural features, in order to provide variety in appearance and so that such buildings would be in keeping with the generally rural character of the Township.

R-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing not more than eight dwelling units per building, if the land is designated for multiple-family dwelling use on the Future Land Use Map of the Township Master Plan.
Land, buildings and structures in the Residential PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

Nature preserves/natural areas

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed R-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

R-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the Residential PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Nursing homes

NURSING HOME
A nursing care facility that provides organized nursing care and medical treatment for persons suffering or recovering from illness, injury, or infirmity. "Nursing home" does not include a unit in a state correctional facility, a hospital, a veterans' facility, or a hospice residence.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 8 clients plus 1 parking space per employee, with a minimum of 3 parking spaces provided.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Nursing homes

A. The minimum lot area shall be as determined by the Planning Commission, but in any case, it shall not be less than two acres.
B. The Planning Commission shall determine minimum lot width, minimum street frontage and the number, location and width of access driveways.
C. The minimum number of off-street parking spaces shall be as specified in Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading.
D. No part of any building may be closer than 100 feet to an adjacent lot line, except that the Planning Commission may reduce this setback requirement to not less than 25 feet if it finds that such reduction in the setback will not be injurious to the use or enjoyment of nearby properties; will not result in traffic or other safety hazards; and will not materially impair the intent and purpose of this chapter or the public's interest.
E. Each building must provide the equivalent of 250 square feet of floor area for each tenant or occupant, exclusive of basement or attic space, whether or not such spaces are in a finished condition.
F. If the use is required to be state-licensed, any such license shall be maintained in full force and effect and all of its terms and conditions shall be fully complied with; a copy of the license and each instrument of renewal thereof shall be promptly furnished to the Township Zoning Office.
G. All refuse collection facilities shall be screened from view by adequate fencing.

Open space

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

Open space development requirements.

(1) Minimum open space. At least 50%, but no more than 60%, of the land proposed for development under the provisions of this subsection shall remain in a perpetually undeveloped state (i.e., "open space") by means of a conservation easement, plat dedication, restrictive covenant, or other legal instrument that runs with the land, as approved by the Planning Commission. The following areas shall not constitute open space:

(a) The area within all public street rights-of-way.
(b) The area within all private street easements.
(c) Any easement for overhead utility lines, unless adjacent to open space.
(d) The area within a platted lot, site condominium unit or metes and bounds parcel occupied by a structure not permitted to be located in open space.
(e) Off-street parking and/or loading areas.
(f) Golf courses, swimming pools, and clubhouses.
(g) Detention and retention ponds.
(h) Community drain fields.
(i) 50% of the area of lakes, streams, detention ponds, wetlands, public utility easements, floodplains, slopes of 20% or greater, and other similar features which limit or prevent construction of buildings or roads.

(2) Standards for open space. The following standards shall apply to the open space required pursuant to this article:

(a) A portion of the open space shall be reasonably usable by the residents of the land for passive recreational uses, such as hiking or picnicking, and may include a recreational trail, picnic area, children's play area, greenway, linear park, an agricultural use or other use which the Planning Commission determines is substantially similar to these uses.
(b) The open space shall be available for all residents of the development, subject to reasonable rules and regulations, and shall be located to provide reasonable access to all residents. Safe and convenient pedestrian access points from the interior of the development shall be provided. The open space may, but is not required to be, dedicated for public use.
(c) If the land contains a lake, stream or other body of water, the Planning Commission may require that a portion of the open space abut the body of water. Access to and the use of any body of water shall be subject to § 450-3.25: Lake and waterfront regulations of this chapter.
(d) Open space shall be located so as to preserve significant natural resources, natural features, scenic or wooded conditions, bodies of water, wetlands or agricultural land. If these types of land features are not present on the land, then the open space shall be centrally located, along the road frontage.
(e) A portion of the open space shall be located along the public street frontage abutting the land. The depth of this area shall be at least 100 feet, not including public right-of-way, and shall be left in its natural condition or be landscaped to help reduce the view of homes from the adjacent roadway and to preserve the rural character.
(f) To the extent feasible, open space shall be linked with adjacent open spaces, public parks, bicycle paths and pedestrian paths.
(g) If any portion of the land proposed for development under the open space preservation option is designated in the Township Master Plan to contain a segment of the Township nonmotorized trail, a sufficient area of the open space shall be located to accommodate the trail.

(3) Structures within open space. Designated open space areas shall not contain structures, except as may be specifically authorized by the Planning Commission upon determining that the structure is accessory to the function of the open space. Examples of structures that may be authorized include park or playground equipment, gazebos, or agricultural structures.
(4) Compliance with zoning district. Development under the open space preservation option shall comply with all applicable requirements of this chapter and the zoning district in which the land is located, except setback and area requirements, which may be modified to achieve the purpose of preserving open space.
(5) Uniform lot size. All residential lots in the developed portion of the site shall be as uniform in area as reasonably practicable, unless otherwise approved by the Planning Commission.
(6) Building envelopes. The location and area of building envelopes shall be established to achieve the intent and purpose of the zoning district in which the land is located, maximize the available open space, preserve existing natural features, and retain the rural character of the Township to the extent possible.
(7) Required frontage. Each lot shall have a minimum of 30 feet of frontage measured at the road right-of-way or easement line.
(8) Lot width. Each lot shall have a minimum width equal to at least 1/2 the width required for the zoning district in which the land is located, unless otherwise approved by the Planning Commission.
(9) Maximum number of lots. The development shall contain no more than the number of lots established by the parallel plan and approved by the Planning Commission. This number shall be further reduced to reflect the inclusion of nondwelling unit structures, if any, as described in Subsection (11) below.
(10) Nondwelling unit structures. Lots containing nondwelling structures, such as a clubhouse and accessory building or related amenities, shall be subject to all requirements of this subsection applicable to lots containing dwellings and all other applicable requirements of this chapter and other Township ordinances. However, the Planning Commission may, in its discretion, permit the enlargement of a lot containing a nondwelling structure to reasonably accommodate it.
(11) Reduction in lots for nondwelling structures. If structures other than dwellings, as described in Subsection (10) above, are constructed on a lot and are not located within a designated open space area, the number of dwelling lots permitted in the clustered portion of the land shall be reduced as follows:

(a) The area of a lot or lots occupied by nondwelling structures shall be calculated and then divided by the average area of the residential lots proposed within the development. If this number is a fraction, it shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number.
(b) The number calculated under Subsection (11)(a) shall be subtracted from the number of residential lots that could otherwise be permitted in the development based on the approved parallel plan. The resulting number shall establish the maximum number of residential lots permitted within the open space preservation development.

(12) Perimeter lots. Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the Planning Commission may require that lots around the perimeter of the open space preservation development be designed to be compatible in size and setbacks with lots on adjacent properties.
(13) Sidewalks. The Planning Commission may require sidewalks in accordance with Chapter 275: Land Division and Subdivision, Part 1: Subdivision of Land, condominium and site condominium regulations and other applicable Township ordinances whereby sidewalks are required.
(14) Grading. Grading within the development shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) To preserve the natural appearance of the land, all graded areas, cuts and fills shall be kept to a minimum. Specific requirements may be placed on the area of land to be graded or to be used for building, and on the size, height, and angles of cut-and-fill slopes and the shape thereof. Retaining walls may be required.
(b) All areas indicated as open space on the approved development plan shall be undisturbed by grading, excavating, structures or otherwise, except as permitted by the Planning Commission. Drainage improvements, utility lines, trails, picnic areas, and similar recreational improvements and amenities may be placed in open space areas if approved by the Planning Commission.
(c) Grading shall be planned and carried out to avoid erosion, pollution, flooding or other adverse effects upon the subject land and nearby land and waterways and to minimize the overall environmental impact on the property due to loss of vegetation, slopes, natural features, wildlife habitat, and views.

(15) Private roads. Private roads within the development shall conform to the private road requirements of this chapter.

See Private Roads for more information.

(16) Other laws and ordinances. The development of land under this subsection is subject to all other applicable Township ordinances, state and federal laws, rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, rules relating to suitability of groundwater for on-site water supply for land not served by a public water system, and rules relating to the suitability of soils for on-site sewage disposal for land not served by a public sanitary sewer system.

Open-air businesses

OPEN-AIR BUSINESS
A business, a substantial part of which involves activities for the display and sale of goods outside of a building, including motor vehicle and boat sales, lawn and garden centers, golf driving ranges, and similar uses.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2 I

Vehicle Parking:
Motor vehicle sales: 1 parking space per 5,000 square feet of outdoor sales area, plus 1 parking space per sales desk/office, plus 3 parking spaces per service bay, with a minimum of 6 parking spaces required.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district including but not limited to the sale of motor vehicles, farm implements, lawn and garden equipment, motor homes, mobile or modular homes and similar uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district including but not limited to the sale of farm implements, lawn and garden equipment sales and service, motor homes, mobile or modular homes, and similar uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Open-air business.

A. The sale or outdoor display of merchandise shall not be permitted within the required setback areas.
B. The Planning Commission may require a fence or wall to be constructed along the rear and/or sides of the lot to keep trash, paper, and other debris from blowing off the premises.
C. The lot area used for parking shall be hard-surfaced and the display or storage areas shall be provided with a permanent, durable, and dustless surface and shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of all surface water.
D. All lighting shall be shielded from adjacent residential areas.
E. For a plant materials nursery, the storage of any soil, fertilizer, or similar loosely packaged materials shall be sufficiently contained to prevent any adverse effect upon adjacent properties.
F. For new and used car sales and rentals, vehicle display or storage shall not be carried out in areas required for visitor, employee or service parking.

Open-front restaurants

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 100 square feet of usable floor area or 1 parking space per 2 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, whichever is greater.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Other principal uses

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

M-PUD District:
These uses are permitted land uses in this district, providing their recommended by the Planning Commission, approved by the Township Board and are similar in character and operation to the permitted uses in § 450-16.03: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Outdoor public events within publicly or privately owned recreation uses

CONCERT
An outdoor public musical performance in which one or more singers and/or instrumentalists participate and where the musical entertainment is the principal activity.

EVENT
An organized outdoor activity, not exceeding three consecutive days, at which 500 or more persons may reasonably be expected to attend the activity at any one time and where music may be provided to complement the activity but is not the principal focus of the activity. Events may include plays and other theatrical presentations; seasonal festivals or celebrations; outdoor display and sale of antiques and previously used goods and objects; outdoor display and viewing of vintage and other motor vehicles; arts and crafts exhibitions and sales; farm markets; horse shows and livestock exhibitions; organized snowmobile racing events at winter ski areas and resorts; and other similar entertainments, exhibitions and amusements.

OUTDOOR RECREATION USES
The land area, buildings, off-street parking areas and other designated land, specialized structures, bodies of water and other facilities, publicly or privately owned, for the purpose of enabling customers, visitors and others to engage in leisure-time activities. Such uses may include parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, golf courses, ski resorts, hunting grounds and similar outdoor recreation facilities and pursuits involving predominantly open space.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Organized snowmobile racing event at a winter ski area or resort.

(1) The snowmobile racing event shall be organized, sponsored and under the supervision of a recognized snowmobile organization, such as but not limited to the Michigan Snowmobile Association, or a local organized snowmobile club.
(2) The snowmobile racing event shall take place on only up to two consecutive days of a weekend (a weekend being a Friday, Saturday and Sunday).
(3) Only one snowmobile racing event shall take place during a winter season (being the months of December, January, February and March) and shall not take place during any other months of the year.
(4) The snowmobile racing event, including practice, time trials and engine tuning, shall commence not earlier than 10:00 a.m. and shall end not later than 9:30 p.m., except that one additional hour is permitted for the departure of customers, guests and others and the closing of the ski area or resort.
(5) The location must be in active operation as a winter ski area or resort during the season in which the event is to be held.

See § 450-23.31: Outdoor public concerts; events within publicly or privately owned outdoor recreation uses for more detailed information.

Outdoor recreation uses

OUTDOOR RECREATION USES
The land area, buildings, off-street parking areas and other designated land, specialized structures, bodies of water and other facilities, publicly or privately owned, for the purpose of enabling customers, visitors and others to engage in leisure-time activities. Such uses may include parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, golf courses, ski resorts, hunting grounds and similar outdoor recreation facilities and pursuits involving predominantly open space.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district and may be publicly or privately owned; including parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, golf courses, country clubs, ski resorts, hunting clubs and similar outdoor recreational uses of predominately open space.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Outdoor recreation uses.

A. Such uses may include a golf course, country club, ski area and other outdoor recreation use.
B. The use shall have direct access to a paved public street.
C. No clubhouse, restaurant or similar building shall be located within 200 feet of the front property line or 400 feet of the side or rear property lines.
D. Restaurants, including restaurants serving alcoholic beverages, and retail sales and repair of equipment of a type used for activities at the facility may be permitted as additional special land uses, in accordance with the general standards for special land uses.
E. Tees, fairways, greens and trails shall be arranged in a manner to limit stray golf shots and trespassing onto neighboring properties. The Planning Commission may require fencing to prevent trespassing onto neighboring properties.
F. Lighting shall be no brighter than necessary to provide for safe use of the recreational facility and shall be directed away from adjoining properties and public rights-of-way. The Planning Commission may, as a condition of special land use approval, require the reduction or extinguishment of lighting during periods when the area is not being used for its intended purpose.

Outdoor sales or displays of merchandise

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district providing it's associated with permitted commercial uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Outdoor storage accessory to a permitted use

ACCESSORY BUILDING, STRUCTURE OR USE
A building, structure, or use on the same lot with, and of a nature which is customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal building, structure, or use; provided, however, that an oil and/or gas well, whether or not operating or productive, and the structures, equipment and devices used or which may be used in connection therewith, and the associated and related uses and activities, shall not be accessory structures or accessory uses, in whole or in part, under the terms of this chapter.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing all materials, vehicles, and equipment stored out of doors shall be effectively screened from view by fencing, walls, landscaping, or a combination thereof.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Outdoor storage accessory to an industrial use

ACCESSORY BUILDING, STRUCTURE OR USE
A building, structure, or use on the same lot with, and of a nature which is customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal building, structure, or use; provided, however, that an oil and/or gas well, whether or not operating or productive, and the structures, equipment and devices used or which may be used in connection therewith, and the associated and related uses and activities, shall not be accessory structures or accessory uses, in whole or in part, under the terms of this chapter.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Outdoor storage accessory to industrial use.

A. Such outdoor storage shall be permitted only in the I Industrial District.
B. All materials, motor vehicles, equipment and other goods and items stored outside of an enclosed building shall be effectively screened from view by a fence, wall, landscaping or a combination thereof.
C. The location of such outdoor storage on the site of the use permitted in the I District shall be as determined by the Planning Commission, including the setbacks thereof from property lines.

Outpatient medical offices and facilities

OUTPATIENT MEDICAL OFFICES AND FACILITIES
A building and associated site improvements designed and used for the providing of medical and health services for patients who do not usually remain in the facility overnight. Such medical and health services may include physician services rendered in a medical office, and other medical or surgical care which need not be rendered in a hospital. Such facilities may include associated services and uses for the benefit of outpatients, including laboratories and other specialized medical facilities that need not necessarily be located in a hospital.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
4 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Personal service establishments

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per each 50 square feet of usable floor area.
Barbershops, beauty salons: 2 parking spaces per operator chair/station plus 1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area in employee work areas.
Laundromats: 1 parking space per 3 washing machines.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts.
The personal services establishments permitted may perform on-site services, including, but not limited to, repair shops (home appliances, shoes, watches, etc.), tailor shops, beauty/barber shops, photography studios, self-service laundries or other similar personal service businesses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
The personal services establishments permitted may perform on-site services, including, but not limited to, repair shops (home appliances, shoes, watches, etc.), tailor shops, beauty/barber shops, photography studios, self-service laundries or other similar personal service businesses.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Pet shops, including grooming services

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Primary caregivers

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:

This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Primary caregivers, as defined in MCL 333.26423(g), if use is conducted in accordance with Chapter 290: Marihuana Facilities, Article I: Medical Marihuana Facilities.

Printing, lithography, publishing and photocopy establishments

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Private airfields and landing strips

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Airfields and landing strips.

A. The creation of additional private airfields accommodating more than two airplanes on a more or less permanent basis is hereby deemed to be contrary to the sound development of the Township and the safety of its residents.
B. Existing private airfields may expand on the same property, provided the Planning Commission finds that such expansion will not adversely affect existing or future development of the area.
C. Private airfields or landing strips accessory to a permitted agricultural use on the same property are permitted if the Planning Commission finds that:

(1) Such use will not adversely affect existing or future development of the district.
(2) The takeoff and landing pattern within 1,000 feet of the end of the runway does not pass over an occupied structure.
(3) Not more than two airplanes, one of which is owned by the owner of the premises, use the landing strip.
(4) The landing strip is at least 200 feet from any property line.
(5) The safety of the citizens of the Township is not adversely affected.
(6) The owner agrees, in writing, to move, relocate or abandon the landing strip if any of the above provisions cannot be met in the future.
(7) The landing strip conforms to all Federal Aviation Administration rules and regulations.

Private roads

ROAD, PRIVATE
A nonpublic road, located within a dedicated easement, which provides the means of vehicular access to three or more lots or other parcels of land, or three or more principal buildings, dwellings, dwelling units or structures, or any combination thereof.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use B-1 B-2 I LR R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR, R-2, R-3, LR, B-1, B-2, I and M-PUD Districts:
This use is permitted in these districts, as per Article 28: Private Roads and Driveways.

Minimum requirements for private roads.

A preliminary or final private road permit shall not be issued unless the private road complies with the requirements of this section.

A. The private road shall be located within an easement at least 66 feet wide which shall also contain all utilities.
B. The area within the easement in which the private road is to be located shall have a minimum cleared width of 28 feet which shall be maintained at all times. All branches extending over the traveled surface of the road shall be trimmed and maintained to a height of 14 feet above the ground.
C. The traveled surface of the private road shall be at least 22 feet wide, except that if the private road is to include valley gutters or curbing, the valley gutters or curbing shall be constructed at the outside edges of the private road, resulting in the private road having a minimum required traveled surface of 26 feet.
D. The traveled surface of private roads shall be as follows:

(1) A private road serving at least three but not more than 10 residential lots, dwellings or dwelling units:

(a) A minimum subbase of 12 inches of MDOT Class II sand and a minimum base of six inches of MDOT 22A compacted gravel.
(b) The traveled surface shall be at least 22 feet wide.
(c) The surface of the private road may be gravel; if paved, the private road surface shall comply with the paving requirement stated in § 450-28.06D(2), with respect to the paving of a private road serving more than 10 lots.
(d) Provisions shall be made for adequate drainage of the road surface and adjacent lands satisfactory to the Zoning Administrator.

(2) A private road serving more than 10 residential lots, dwellings or dwelling units:

(a) A minimum subbase of 12 inches of MDOT Class II sand and a minimum base of six inches of MDOT 22A compacted gravel.
(b) The traveled surface of the private road shall be at least 22 feet wide.
(c) The traveled surface shall be paved with at least three inches of bituminous aggregate, consisting of 1 1/2 inches each of bituminous aggregate meeting MDOT Specification 3C for the leveling course and MDOT Specification 4C for the surface course.
(d) Provisions shall be made for adequate drainage of the road surface and adjacent lands satisfactory to the Zoning Administrator.

(3) A private road serving a commercial or industrial use or a development which includes commercial or industrial uses:

(a) The traveled surface of the private road shall have a minimum subbase of 12 inches of MDOT Class II sand and a minimum base of eight inches of MDOT 22A compacted gravel.
(b) The traveled surface shall be at least 22 feet wide.
(c) The traveled surface shall be paved with a minimum of 3 1/2 inches of bituminous aggregate, consisting of 1 1/2 inches of bituminous aggregate meeting MDOT Specification 3C for the leveling course and two inches of bituminous aggregate meeting MDOT Specification 4C for the surface course.
(d) The private road shall be provided with concrete curbs and gutters or with such other type of outside edging of the private road as may be approved by the Planning Commission in site plan review and approval or in other zoning approval. If the private road is provided with concrete curbs and gutters, the measurement of the minimum required traveled private road surface shall not include the concrete curbs and gutters.

E. The private road surface shall have a minimum slope of 2% from the center line of the private road to the outside edge of the road shoulder.
F. To the extent practical, a private road shall be designed with a longitudinal road grade not exceeding 6%. A longitudinal road grade up to a 10% grade may be permitted, if the Zoning Administrator and the Township Engineer determine that the increased grade would not adversely affect public safety.
G. The intersection of a private road with a public street or another private road shall be located such that clear vision, safe turning and travel in all directions is assured, as determined by the County Road Commission and/or the Zoning Administrator or, if applicable, the Michigan Department of Transportation.
H. The minimum distance between intersections of public streets and/or private roads shall be at least 200 feet, as measured between the nearest right-of-way and/or easement lines.
I. A private road which terminates at a dead end shall have a means for vehicle turnaround approved by the Township Engineer. The turnaround area may be in the form of a cul-de-sac with a minimum radius of 40 feet, designed in accordance with the County Road Commission's requirements for a residential cul-de-sac or other applicable type of cul-de-sac. If an island is provided within the turnaround area, a larger radius may be required.
J. The area adjacent to a private street cul-de-sac shall be cleared up to a distance of 10 feet from the edge of the traveled surface. Other turnaround designs may be approved by the Township Fire Chief. A temporary turnaround may be approved when a private road is extended to a property boundary for future access to adjacent lands.
K. A private road or interconnected private road system shall not serve more than 50 residential lots, or 50 dwellings or dwelling units, unless a second means of access is provided for all of the lands served by the private road or private road system. No cul-de-sac or dead-end road shall exceed a length of 2,000 feet, measured from the nearest edge of the intersecting road or street pavement to the end of the cul-de-sac or turnaround area.
L. The method and construction technique to be used in crossing any natural stream, drainagecourse, or similar feature shall satisfy the requirements of the Zoning Administrator, Township Engineer, Township Fire Department, and any other agency having jurisdiction, as applicable. To the extent possible, the crossing shall be located at the narrowest point and where the impact will be the least disruptive to the natural surroundings.
M. The edge of the private road shall be no closer than 25 feet to the edge of a stream, drainagecourse or body of water, except where a crossing occurs. All required measures shall be used to prevent soil from entering the stream, drainagecourse or body of water both during and after construction, in accordance with applicable Township ordinance requirements or the requirements of the Township Engineer.
N. A private road shall be given a name, and street signs shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the County Road Commission. A street address shall be conspicuously posted at a location visible from the private road.
O. A stop sign shall be installed at each intersection of the private road with a public street and the intersection of the private road with another private road, as directed by the Zoning Administrator or the County Road Commission, as applicable.
P. A private road shall not be constructed through or on a slope of 10% or greater; provided, however, that the Zoning Administrator, in consultation with the Township Engineer, may permit such construction if all of the following requirements are complied with:

(1) The slope is not a significant natural feature of the overall site.
(2) The private road right-of-way, in whole or in part, shall not be located on a slope which is steeper than one foot of elevation for each three feet of lineal distance.
(3) Clearing and grading for the construction of the private road shall occur only within the private road right-of-way.
(4) The private road shall not be designed, located or constructed, in whole or in part, whereby travel thereon may be hazardous or otherwise potentially unsafe, by reason of excessive slopes, especially in cold weather conditions or as a result of other adverse land conditions or road location.

Q. A private road shall be improved, maintained, repaired, and snowplowed to ensure that the private road is safe for travel at all times and fully accessible for emergency vehicles.

See Private Road Application Form for more information.
See Private Roads for procedural information.

Private stables

STABLE, PRIVATE
Buildings and grounds used for the boarding of horses which are owned by the owners or occupants of the facility, and which are not open to the general public.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing at least 1 acre of land for each horse; outdoor areas in which horses are kept must be completely fenced; GAAMPS must be complied with.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.

Public and private noncommercial parks and playgrounds

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit LR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

LR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-10.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Noncommercial parks and playgrounds.

A. In approving the special land use, the Planning Commission shall determine minimum parcel area, minimum parcel width, minimum street frontage and minimum setbacks for buildings, playgrounds and other elements of the use.
B. Access driveways shall be a sufficient distance away from intersecting streets so as to avoid adverse traffic conditions.
C. There shall be adequate and convenient water supply and sanitary sewage disposal for the use.
D. Those portions of the use which may involve public assembly, or which may have other characteristics which may result in noise or other adverse impacts, shall be located a sufficient distance away from other lands, or shall be adequately shielded and buffered, to avoid the transmission of noise or other adverse impacts onto other lands.
E. Adequate off-street vehicle parking area shall be provided. The minimum provisions for all off-street parking areas shall be determined by the Planning Commission in its approval of the special land use.
F. Any accessory commercial uses shall be limited to those necessary to serve only the persons making use of the park, playground or similar facility.
G. All sanitary facilities shall be designed and constructed in compliance with Kent County Health Department regulations.
H. Adequate trash receptacles shall be provided throughout the site.
I. Operating hours shall be as determined by the Planning Commission, based on the nature of the use and the potential for the use to result in adverse effects on adjacent lands and uses.

Public and private schools

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
Elementary, junior high, and middle schools: 2 parking spaces per classroom, plus amount required for auditorium or gymnasium seating.
High schools: 8 parking spaces per classroom, or amount required for auditorium, stadium, or gymnasium seating, whichever is greater.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district and includes school administrative buildings.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Public libraries, museums and art galleries

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 400 square feet of gross floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
These uses are permitted as special land uses in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-1 District:
These uses are permitted as special land uses in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-6.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
These uses are permitted as special land uses in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
These uses are permitted as special land uses in this district and include community centers, parks and other outdoor recreation areas.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Public or private clubs, lodges or similar places of assembly

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 2.5 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district and includes banquet halls and similar places of assembly.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Raising or growing of plants, trees, shrubs, sod, and nursery stock (greenhouses)

GREENHOUSE OR NURSERY, COMMERCIAL
A retail business in which the principal activity is the selling of plants grown on the site or elsewhere and generally having outside storage, growing or display.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the use is for wholesale purposes only; may include greenhouses, but retail sales are not permitted.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Recreational and common facilities

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed R-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
5 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

R-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing it is to be used primarily by residents of the PUD, including, but not limited to, golf courses, tennis courts, athletic fields, bicycle and walking paths, playgrounds, community buildings and similar facilities.
Land, buildings and structures in the Residential PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Research and development facilities, testing and experimental laboratories

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
1.5 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Restaurants and other businesses serving food and beverages (no drive-thru)

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 100 square feet of usable floor area or 1 parking space per 2 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, whichever is greater.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing, as follows:

1. Drive-through facilities are not permitted.
2. Beverages served must be nonalcoholic.
3. A restaurant shall not have the appearance or character of a drive-in establishment.
4. Entry into and exit from the site must be directly from a county primary road or state highway.

Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing, as follows:

1. Drive-through facilities are not permitted.
2. Beverages served must be nonalcoholic.
3. A restaurant shall not have the appearance or character of a drive-in establishment.
4. Entry into and exit from the site must be directly from a county primary road or state highway.

Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Restaurants and taverns serving alcoholic beverages

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
Restaurants, with drive-through facilities: 15 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of usable floor area, plus 3 drive-through waiting parking spaces, plus 10 drive-through stacking spaces.
Restaurants, without drive-through facilities: 1 parking space per 100 square feet of usable floor area or 1 parking space per 2 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, whichever is greater.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing that the establishment is state-licensed and where dancing is not permitted unless state-licensed.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing it must be state-licensed and where dancing is permitted, a state-license is required.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing it must be state-licensed and where dancing is permitted, a state-license is required.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Restaurants serving alcoholic beverages.

A. The primary business activity of the restaurant or cafe shall be the serving of meals.
B. The sale and consumption of beer, wine and alcohol shall be only an incidental and subordinate business activity of the restaurant or cafe.
C. The sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages at the restaurant shall be state-licensed; a copy of the license and any instrument of renewal thereof shall be promptly furnished to the Township Zoning Office.
D. If a distinct or separate part of the establishment is designated or used primarily for the sale and consumption of beer, wine and/or intoxicating liquors, that part shall not occupy more than 1/3 of the total floor area of the establishment accessible to customers.
E. Outdoor seating may be permitted where it is determined that:

(1) The location of the outdoor seating area will be appropriately screened, if necessary.
(2) Outdoor seating capacity will be included in the computation of required parking.
(3) Hours of operation, noise, and/or lighting will not create nuisance effects upon surrounding properties.

Restaurants with drive-up or drive-through facilities

DRIVE-IN, DRIVE-UP or DRIVE-THROUGH FACILITIES
Any facility used to serve patrons of a business while in their motor vehicles, either exclusively or in addition to service within a building or structure, or to provide food carry-out for patrons.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Vehicle Parking:
15 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of usable floor area, plus 3 drive-through waiting spaces, plus 10 drive-through stacking spaces.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Restaurants with drive-through facilities.

A. The site shall be designed and constructed to provide sufficient vehicle stacking space in the drive-through lanes so no vehicles will extend into any abutting street. In its consideration of the application for special land use, the Planning Commission may consider the appropriate minimum number of stacking spaces for vehicles utilizing the service ordering station. All vehicle stacking space shall be located so as not to interfere with the circulation of other vehicles on the site and shall not block or interfere with the use of designated parking spaces.
B. In addition to the minimum number of parking spaces otherwise required, the Planning Commission may require up to three additional parking spaces, placed in close proximity to the exit area of the drive-through portion of the restaurant site, for customers waiting for the delivery of orders.
C. All site access shall be from a county primary road.
D. Site access and circulation shall be designed to minimize traffic conflicts, congestion and disruption on adjacent streets and nearby driveways.
E. Any loudspeakers shall not face adjoining residentially zoned or used lands and shall be modulated so that any generated sound is not audible beyond property boundaries.
F. All outdoor trash receptacles shall be fully enclosed.
G. Adequate and regular measures to prevent or control wind-blown trash and litter shall be employed to avoid or prevent adverse effects on adjacent or nearby lands and streets.
H. All service areas, including loading and unloading areas and drive-through and driving lanes, shall be set back from property lines for such distance as determined by the Planning Commission.

Restaurants with outdoor seating

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 100 square feet of usable floor area or 1 parking space per 2 persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, whichever is greater.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
If seating is provided on sidewalks, there must be a width of at least 5 feet along the sidewalk for pedestrian traffic.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
If seating is provided on sidewalks, there must be a width of at least 5 feet along the sidewalk for pedestrian traffic.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Restaurants with outdoor seating.

A. Outdoor seating and dining shall be accessory to a principal restaurant use.
B. The Planning Commission shall determine the hours of operation of the outdoor dining area.
C. The Planning Commission shall determine the maximum seating capacity of the outdoor dining area.
D. There shall be adequate separation between the outdoor dining area and the adjacent or nearby driving lanes or parking areas by means of adequate distance, curbing, barriers or other measures.
E. When the outdoor dining area is not in use during inclement weather months, the chairs, tables and other equipment used in the outdoor dining activities shall be stored indoors.
F. The Planning Commission may regulate outdoor lighting, outdoor amplification of music and other sound, and other aspects of the use which may result in adverse effects on other lands or nearby streets.

Retail business or service establishments, other similar

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts, providing the establishment supplies merchandise or convenience commodities, or performs services for the persons and areas described in § 450-11.01: Purpose (B-1 District), and § 450-12.01: Purpose (B-2 District), if determined by the Planning Commission under § 450-1.07: Land uses not specifically permitted in district.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing the establishment supplies merchandise or convenience commodities, or performs services for the persons and areas described in § 450-11.01: Purpose (B-1 District), and § 450-12.01: Purpose (B-2 District), if determined by the Planning Commission under § 450-1.07: Land uses not specifically permitted in district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Retail businesses and shopping centers (50,000 square feet or less)

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing the principal activity is the sale of goods and merchandise.
Uses shall be conducted within a completely enclosed building not larger than 50,000 square feet.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

Retail businesses and shopping centers (exceeding 50,000 square feet)

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district in which the principal activity is the sale of goods and merchandise.
Uses shall be conducted within a completely enclosed building exceeding 50,000 square feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Retail stores.

A. Retail stores greater than 10,000 square feet but not greater than 50,000 square feet are an available special land use in the B-1 District.
B. Retail stores exceeding 50,000 square feet are an available special land use in the B-2 District.
C. The special land use shall comply with the minimum provisions of the zone district in which it is located, except that in approving the special land use, the Planning Commission may impose stricter minimum provisions, in view of the size and scope of the special land use and its expected impact on other lands and adjacent streets.
D. Adequate off-street parking shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading, or such parking shall be in accordance with other requirements specified in the special land use.
E. The use shall be located only on a major public street. There shall be safe and convenient motor vehicle access to the site and exit from the site. The Planning Commission shall determine the location, configuration, and width of access driveways.
F. In approving the special land use, the Planning Commission shall determine all relevant aspects of the use, including additional building setbacks; separation of vehicle traffic from pedestrian areas; water supply and sanitary sewer service; stormwater drainage measures; landscaping; signage; screening of the use from residentially zoned or residentially used lands; and other provisions for the purpose of avoiding or moderating adverse impacts resulting from the use.

Retail businesses supplying on-site goods and commodities (10,000 square feet or less)

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts and includes, but not limited to, groceries and food products, drugs, apparel and accessories, notions, hardware, appliances, crafts, greeting cards, home furnishings, sporting goods, books, audio and video products and similar retail businesses.
This use is limited to stores and other business locations not larger than 10,000 square feet.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district and includes, but not limited to, groceries and food products, drugs, apparel and accessories, notions, hardware, appliances, crafts, greeting cards, home furnishings, sporting goods, books, audio and video products and similar retail businesses.
This use is limited to stores and other business locations not larger than 10,000 square feet.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Retail businesses supplying on-site goods and commodities (more than 10,000 sq. ft, but less than 50,000 sq. ft)

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 200 square feet of usable floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts, including, but not limited to, groceries and food products, drugs, apparel and accessories, notions, hardware, appliances, crafts, greeting cards, home furnishings, sporting goods, books, audio and video products and similar retail businesses.
This use is limited to stores and other business locations greater than 10,000 square feet but not greater than 50,000 square feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, including, but not limited to, groceries and food products, drugs, apparel and accessories, notions, hardware, appliances, crafts, greeting cards, home furnishings, sporting goods, books, audio and video products and similar retail businesses.
This use is limited to stores and other business locations greater than 10,000 square feet but not greater than 50,000 square feet.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Retail stores.

A. Retail stores greater than 10,000 square feet but not greater than 50,000 square feet are an available special land use in the B-1 District.
B. Retail stores exceeding 50,000 square feet are an available special land use in the B-2 District.
C. The special land use shall comply with the minimum provisions of the zone district in which it is located, except that in approving the special land use, the Planning Commission may impose stricter minimum provisions, in view of the size and scope of the special land use and its expected impact on other lands and adjacent streets.
D. Adequate off-street parking shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading, or such parking shall be in accordance with other requirements specified in the special land use.
E. The use shall be located only on a major public street. There shall be safe and convenient motor vehicle access to the site and exit from the site. The Planning Commission shall determine the location, configuration, and width of access driveways.
F. In approving the special land use, the Planning Commission shall determine all relevant aspects of the use, including additional building setbacks; separation of vehicle traffic from pedestrian areas; water supply and sanitary sewer service; stormwater drainage measures; landscaping; signage; screening of the use from residentially zoned or residentially used lands; and other provisions for the purpose of avoiding or moderating adverse impacts resulting from the use.

Retail nurseries

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Roadside stands

ROADSIDE STAND
A building or structure designed and used for the seasonal display and sale of primarily agricultural products grown on the same premises.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.

Salvage yards

SALVAGE YARD
An open area where waste, used, or secondhand materials are bought and sold, exchanged, stored, bailed, packed, disassembled, crushed, melted, or otherwise handled. Scrap materials include but are not limited to scrap iron and other metals, paper, rags, tires, bottles, automobiles and automobile parts, wood and construction materials. A "salvage yard" includes automobile wrecking yards, but does not include salvage uses established entirely within enclosed buildings.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Salvage yards.

A. All vehicles, parts, material and equipment must be stored within enclosed buildings or within an area completely enclosed by a screening fence at least eight feet in height.
B. The screening fence must be of such design as to completely obstruct vision. No chain-link fence, with or without covering, shall be permitted.
C. The screening fence shall be set back from all property lines in accordance with the minimum yard requirements of the district.
D. No materials shall be stacked higher than the screen fence.
E. All materials shall be stockpiled in neat and orderly rows with adequate aisle space provided between rows to accommodate emergency vehicles and equipment.
F. No storage area shall be located within 500 feet of a residential district or street.

Sand, gravel and other mineral resource removal (5,000 cubic yards or more)

MINERAL MATERIAL

Sand, gravel, soil, topsoil, dirt or similar earthen material, or any of them, and in any combination thereof.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Sand and gravel removal of 5,000 cubic yards or more.

A. Objectives and required approvals.

(1) This special land use is for the purpose of authorizing the removal of sand, gravel and other mineral material equaling or exceeding 5,000 cubic yards from specified lands within the Township and also for the purpose of authorizing resulting land uses, after the completion of planned mineral removal operations, in accordance with an approved site rehabilitation plan. Under the terms of the special land use, mineral removal is required to be accomplished without serious adverse consequences to other lands and other land uses in the vicinity and elsewhere in the Township.
(2) This special land use is subject to recommendation by the Planning Commission and subsequent approval by the Township Board. After its public hearing on the special land use, the Planning Commission shall make a recommendation to the Township Board as to whether the special land use shall or shall not be approved or, if approved, whether such approval shall be subject to specified terms and conditions. Following Planning Commission action, the application, the site plan, the minutes of the Planning Commission public hearing and other relevant information and materials shall be forwarded to the Township Board for consideration and decision on the special land use.

B. Qualifying conditions. Lands proposed for mineral removal shall be located in the RR District.
C. Permitted uses. Land, buildings and structures on the site shall be used only for removal of sand, gravel and other mineral resources in accordance with the terms of this section. Any resulting use following mineral removal activities and operations shall conform to the Future Land Use Map designation of the Township Master Plan.
D. Operational requirements.

(1) Operations and activities for mining, extracting, excavating for, processing, removal and transport of mineral materials shall be located only as follows:

(a) No activity shall be closer than 500 feet to any dwelling located on lands other than lands included in the special land use, unless a closer distance is authorized by the special land use.
(b) No activity shall be closer than 500 feet to any residential district or R-PUD district; provided, however, that they may be located up to 100 feet away from any RR District boundary and 300 feet from any existing dwelling in the RR District.
(c) No activity shall be closer than 200 feet to the right-of-way of Belding Road, Cannonsburg Road or any other county primary road within the Township.
(d) The special land use may include a modification or waiver of a perimeter setback requirement if the adjacent property is owned by the owner or operator of the subject lands.
(e) There shall not be more than one entrance to and exit from the site of removal operations, from and to a public street, unless additional entrances or exits are approved as a part of the special land use. Any entrance and exit shall also be subject to the approval of the Kent County Road Commission. The locations of entrances and exits shall, if reasonably feasible, be placed so that the travel of mineral transport vehicles over primarily residential streets shall be avoided.
(f) Not more than 21 acres of land shall be authorized for removal operations or activities at any one time. Of this number or some lesser number of acres, not more than 1/3 shall at any one time be used for site preparation; not more than 1/3 shall at any one time be used for removal of mineral material; and not more than 1/3 shall at any one time be used for site reclamation, in accordance with an approved site rehabilitation plan.

(2) There shall be an inspection by the Township Zoning Administrator or designee of each completed phase, so as to verify compliance with the terms of this chapter.
(3) Upon the completion of each phase, the applicant shall notify the Township that the phase is ready for inspection and the Township shall make the inspection within a reasonable time. Until such inspection is made, and until approval of the completed phase has been given by the Township, the applicant shall not commence work on any subsequent phase.
(4) Any work or other action undertaken by the applicant in or with respect to a subsequent phase before the Township inspection and approval of the previous phase shall be a violation of the special land use and a violation of this chapter.
(5) Each site rehabilitation plan shall be reviewed by the Planning Commission and shall comply with all of the following standards and requirements:

(a) Topsoil shall be replaced on the site to a depth of not less than six inches, except where the resulting uses do not involve the growing of vegetation. Slopes shall be graded and stabilized to accommodate the proposed use. The plan shall indicate the sequence and phasing of operations.
(b) Final grades shall have a slope not exceeding 1:3 at the conclusion of each individual phase of mineral removal.
(c) Final surface water drainagecourses and areas of surface water retention shall be laid out and constructed at such locations and in such manner as to avoid adverse effects on adjacent or nearby lands as a result of stormwater runoff, erosion or other damage to the lands. The applicant shall apply for any required stormwater permit under any Chapter 388: Stormwater Management, provisions, and the site rehabilitation plan shall comply with any Chapter 388: Stormwater Management, provisions.

(6) Grasses, shrubs, trees and other vegetation shall be planted on the site to maximize erosion protection, enhance the natural beauty of the site, and screen the view from other lands.
(7) Landscaping and, where appropriate, earthen berms shall be used to screen special land use activities from view from other lands and to moderate noise levels from operation of equipment and vehicles.
(8) Trees and shrubbery shall be of sufficient height and spacing to effectively screen the view from adjacent lands and to moderate noise levels from operations. Dead or diseased trees and other vegetation shall be promptly removed and replaced to assure the continuance and effectiveness of any landscaped screening.
(9) The site rehabilitation plan shall not provide for the storage or dumping of stumps, concrete, asphalt, discarded materials or any other materials, objects or debris not associated with the mineral removal operations. Further, no storage or dumping of these materials shall occur at any other time during operations, unless authorized in the special land use permit or the plan.

Sand, gravel and other mineral resource removal (less than 5,000 cubic yards)

MINERAL MATERIAL
Sand, gravel, soil, topsoil, dirt or similar earthen material, or any of them, and in any combination thereof.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Sand and gravel removal of less than 5,000 cubic yards; alteration of water body.

A. The removal or extraction of mineral resources in quantities less than 5,000 cubic yards or the reshaping, enlarging, straightening, damming or diminution of lakes, waterways, ponds or other bodies of water is permitted only with the intent and in such manner as to prepare or render the premises suitable for the primary intended uses of the district in which the premises is located or as envisioned in the Township Master Plan.
B. Mineral removal or extraction activities and other operations covered by the terms of this section shall be permitted only upon compliance with the following provisions:

Exceptions. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the following:

(a) Where the removal or extraction of mineral resources is more than 500 feet from any street or property line, occupies not more than two acres in area, does not constitute a weekly average intensity of use of more than five yards of material per day, and creates no area which fills with water other than a watering pond for farms.
(b) Where only natural resources processing, storage or refining takes place in the I Industrial District.
(c) The control and regulation of oil or gas wells.

Required conditions. The following conditions shall be complied with:

(a) Final grades shall be harmonious with surrounding grades and shall not be in excess of 5% unless demonstrably necessary for the future intended use of the land. No topsoil shall be removed from the property unless demonstrably necessary for the proper intended use of the property. All remaining topsoil shall be redistributed properly upon termination of the zoning permit. Except as provided in Subsection (c) below, no final grades shall create any area which will fill with water after the removal operation. No removal shall be permitted below the grades of the proposed plan unless a cash bond satisfactory to the Township Board, or, at its discretion, a surety bond or letter of credit, is posted with the Township to insure that the final grades of the plan will be met by the expiration date of the permit.
(b) No mechanical processing of natural resources shall be permitted in any residential or business district where such operation would be detrimental to an adjacent use of land. Stormwater runoff shall be led to existing drainage systems in a manner approved by the Township and the County Drain Commissioner.
(c) The creation or enlargement of a lake shall only be permitted where the applicant demonstrates from engineering and geological studies that such water will not become polluted or stagnant; submits a plan for future use of the lakeshore and lake; and shows that such lake has been approved by the state environmental agency and the Kent County Drain Commissioner.
(d) The alteration, straightening, damming, widening or diminution of a waterway or body of water shall be approved by the said state environmental agency and the Drain Commissioner.
(e) No removal, storage area, structure, access drive, or loading area shall be closer than 150 feet to a principal structure on adjoining property. All unpaved areas and roadways shall be regularly maintained and kept in a dust-free condition.
(f) Truck routing shall be only on streets established by the Planning Commission under such conditions and securities as may be imposed by the Township or the county to protect or repair the roads and to insure the safety of the public.
(g) All structures and stored material equipment shall be removed from the property within six months of the discontinuance of the use for removal or extraction of natural resources. All land shall be graded to final elevations and reseeded so as to avoid erosion following the expiration of activities.
(h) To the extent required by the Planning Commission, areas of steep grades or other areas of hazard shall be enclosed by a chain-link fence at least four feet high or other suitable fence, so as to prevent or inhibit persons who may enter the removal area from being in parts of the removal area where there may be hazards.

Sexually oriented businesses

SEXUALLY ORIENTED BUSINESS
A sexually oriented business includes, but is not limited to, an adult bookstore or adult video store; an adult nightclub or cabaret, bar or restaurant; an adult motel; an adult motion-picture theater; and other establishments catering to adult patrons and which may involve the actual or depiction of specified anatomical areas and/or specified sexual activities, as those terms are commonly understood, or by means of video, motion pictures, photographic reproductions or other visual media, or in which a person or persons may appear in a state of nudity or in live performances that are characterized by the exposure of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-2 I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-2 and I Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Sexually oriented business.
A sexually oriented business may be approved by the Planning Commission as a special land use in the B-2 District upon compliance with the following requirements:

A. It is not the intent of this special land use to suppress any activity protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution or the Michigan Constitution, but to enact a content-neutral ordinance which addresses the adverse secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses.

(1) There are some uses which, because of their very nature, are recognized as having serious objectionable operational characteristics, particularly when several of them are concentrated under certain circumstances, thereby having a deleterious effect upon adjacent areas. Special regulation of these uses is necessary in order to insure that these adverse effects will not contribute to the blighting or downgrading of the surrounding area. These special regulations are itemized in this section.
(2) A primary goal of regulation of these uses is to prevent a concentration of the uses in any one area of the Township; to minimize and/or prevent the well-documented adverse secondary effects of such uses; to insure the integrity of the Township's residential and agricultural areas; and to protect the integrity of churches, synagogues or other places of religious worship, schools, licensed day-care facilities, parks and playgrounds, and other areas where persons congregate. Nothing in this section shall be construed as permitting or allowing a violation of any state or federal law.
(3) In addition to the provisions of this section, the special land use shall also be subject to review and approval under Article 22, Site Plan Review.

B. A sexually oriented business includes, but is not limited to, an adult bookstore or adult video store; an adult nightclub or cabaret, bar or restaurant; an adult motel; an adult motion-picture theater; and other establishments catering to adult patrons and which may involve the actual or depiction of specified anatomical areas and/or specified sexual activities, as those terms are commonly understood, or by means of video, motion pictures, photographic reproductions or other visual media, or in which a person or persons may appear in a state of nudity or in live performances that are characterized by the exposure of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.
C. A sexually oriented business shall not be located or operated within 800 feet of another sexually oriented business, a church or other place of worship, a park, playground, school or licensed day-care facility, a dwelling or dwelling unit, or an agricultural or residential zoning district. For purposes of determining the above-stated distance, measurement shall be made by extending a straight line from the property line of the sexually oriented business to the nearest property line occupied by any other of the above-stated land uses or zone districts.
D. Entrances to the sexually oriented business shall be posted on both the exterior and interior walls, in a location clearly visible to those entering and exiting the business, and using lettering no less than two inches in height that:

(1) "Persons under the age of 18 are not permitted to enter the premises."
(2) "No alcoholic beverages of any type are permitted within the premises."

E. Alcoholic beverages of any type shall not be sold, consumed, or permitted on the premise of any sexually oriented business.
F. No product or service for sale or gift, or any picture or other representation of any product or service for sale or gift, shall be displayed so as to be visible from the nearest adjoining road right-of-way or a neighboring property.
G. Hours of operation shall be limited to 10:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., Mondays through Saturdays.
H. All signs shall be in accordance with Article 25; provided, however, that no sign visible from the nearest adjoining road right-of-way or a neighboring property shall display or depict any specified anatomical areas or specified sexual activities.
I. All parking shall be in accordance with Article 27; provided, however, that all off-street parking areas shall be illuminated during all hours of operation of the sexually oriented business and until one hour after the business closes, such that the off-street parking areas are visible from the nearest adjoining road right-of-way.
J. Any booth, room or cubicle available in any sexually oriented business, excepting an adult motel, used by patrons for the viewing of any entertainment characterized as showing specified anatomical areas or specified sexual activities shall:

(1) Be handicap accessible to the extent required by the Americans with Disabilities Act.[1]
(2) Be unobstructed by any door, lock or other entrance and exit control device.
(3) Have at least one side totally open to a public, lighted aisle so that there is an unobstructed view at all times from the adjoining aisle of any occupant.
(4) Be illuminated by a light bulb of wattage not less than 25 watts.
(5) Have no holes or openings, other than doorways, in any side or rear walls.

K. In addition to the information and documents required to be submitted with an application for a special land use in accordance with the requirements of this article, an applicant for a special land use to establish a sexually oriented business shall submit the following:

(1) A floor plan of the premises showing the following:

(a) Location and dimensions of any manager's station, demonstrating that there is an unobstructed view from a least one of the manager's stations of every area of the premises to which any patron is permitted access for any purpose, excluding restrooms.
(b) Location of all overhead lighting fixtures.
(c) Identification of any portion of the premises in which patrons will not be permitted.
(d) The location of any stage.
(e) Identification of the use of each room or other area of the premises.

L. A straight-line drawing depicting the property lines of the site of the sexually oriented business and the property lines of any other sexually oriented business, church or other house of worship, park, playground, school, licensed day-care facility, dwelling or dwelling unit or agricultural or residential zoning district within 800 feet of the nearest property line of the site on which the business will be located.
M. The special land use shall not be approved if the Planning Commission determines that one or more of the following is true:

(1) An applicant is under 18 years of age.
(2) An applicant has failed to provide information required by this chapter or has knowingly answered a question or request for information falsely.
(3) The premises to be used for the sexually oriented business has not been approved by the Building Inspector and the Zoning Enforcement Officer as being in compliance with applicable laws and ordinances.
(4) The applicant or a director, officer, partner, member, principal manager or chief executive officer of the applicant has had a sexually oriented business license or adult business license revoked or suspended within one year prior to the date of application.
(5) The applicant is not in good standing or authorized to do business in Michigan.
(6) The application fee has not been paid.
(7) An application of the proposed sexually oriented business is in violation of or is not in compliance with any of the provisions of this chapter.

N. The applicant or owner shall permit all representatives of the Township, the county and the State of Michigan to inspect the premises for the purpose of insuring compliance with this chapter, any county ordinance and applicable state law.
O. The following interior structural requirements shall be complied with:

(1) The interior of the premises shall be configured in such a manner that there is an unobstructed view from a manager's station of every area of the premises to which any patron is permitted access for any purpose, excluding restrooms. Restrooms may not contain video reproduction equipment.
(2) A manager's station shall not exceed 32 square feet of floor area.
(3) No private viewing rooms or booths shall be constructed unless one side is always open to a central public area. No door shall be placed on any viewing room or peep booth, and no holes or openings shall be placed or allowed to remain in the wall between any two adjacent viewing rooms or peep booths.

P. The following requirements as to registration of managers, entertainers and employees shall be complied with:

(1) No person shall work as a manager, entertainer or employee at a sexually oriented business without being registered under this section.
(2) All managers, entertainers and employees shall provide to the Township their legal name and any aliases, social security number, home address, telephone number, date of birth and satisfactory proof that they are 18 years of age or older, and any other necessary identifying information for the Township to conduct a criminal background check on the manager, entertainer or employee.
(3) The owner or manager of a sexually oriented business shall provide the Township with the names, any aliases, dates of birth, and social security numbers of all managers, entertainers and employees within five days of employment. This information will be used to verify the information submitted by the manager, entertainer or employee, who must also register with the Township within five days of employment.

Single-family detached dwellings

DWELLING, SINGLE-FAMILY DETACHED
A detached building designed for and occupied exclusively by one family.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed LR MHC M-PUD R-1 R-2 R-PUD RR

Vehicle Parking:
2 parking spaces per dwelling unit.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.
See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

R-1 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-6.02: Permitted land uses.
See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

R-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-7.02: Permitted land uses.
See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

MHC District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the MHC District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-9.02: Permitted land uses.
See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

LR District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the LR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-10.02: Permitted land uses.
See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

R-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the Residential PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Small antennas and towers

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD RR Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use B-1 B-2 I LR R-1 R-2 R-3

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR, R-2, R-3, LR, B-1, B-2 and I Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts, providing the structure is not more than 30 feet in height.
Land, buildings and structures in these specific districts shall be used only for the purposes stated in their associated tables of permitted uses in each district's section.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing the structure is not more than 30 feet in height.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Small antennas and towers.
Freestanding radio, television or microwave antennas or towers (including satellite dish antennas) are permitted in all zoning districts, provided the following provisions are satisfied, unless specifically exempted. Conventional VHF and UHF television antennas and satellite dishes less than one meter in diameter shall be exempt from the regulations of this section, provided the equipment is not located in the front yard or on any portion of the building facing the front lot line.

A. No freestanding antenna shall exceed a height of 30 feet above grade, or have any dimension exceeding 30 feet, including its mounting structure, except that freestanding antennas or towers exceeding such height or other dimension may be permitted by the Planning Commission as a special land use under Article 23.
B. No portion of an antenna or tower shall display any name, symbol, words, letters, advertising message, graphic representation or other written or pictorial matter visible from adjacent or nearby lands.
C. All antennas and towers shall be permanently secured to a stable foundation.
D. An antenna or tower shall be located only in the rear yard or the side yard and shall not be closer to a property line than its height or the depth of the required rear or side yard setback, whichever is the greater.
E. For purposes of determining whether a proposed antenna or tower complies with the setback requirements of a district, the dimensions of the entire lot or parcel of land shall control, even though the antenna or tower may be located on leased parcels within such lot or parcel.

(1) If an antenna or tower is to be placed on a vacant lot or parcel, the location and setbacks of the antenna or tower shall be determined by the Zoning Administrator.
(2) Lots or parcels on which an antenna or tower is the principal use need not satisfy the minimum street frontage or the minimum lot area requirements of this chapter.

F. An antenna or tower may be mounted on the roof of a principal or accessory building, provided it shall not exceed a height of 10 feet, as measured from the roof at the base of the antenna or tower.
G. All antennas and towers must be grounded to protect against damage from lightning.
H. An antenna or tower shall not be so located or constructed as to have a serious adverse effect on adjacent or nearby land uses.
I. An antenna or tower shall not be illuminated by artificial means and shall not display strobe lights unless specifically required by the Federal Aviation Administration or other state or federal authority having jurisdiction over the antenna or tower. If lighting is required, the lighting as installed shall cause only the least possible disturbance to surrounding land uses and shall not exceed FAA minimum standards.
J. Antennas and towers for commercial communications services, including cellular telephone antennas and towers, shall be approved only as special land uses under the terms of Article 23: Special Land Uses.
K. The provisions of this section shall apply to towers and antennas owned and operated by a federally licensed amateur operator and used solely for amateur radio communications purposes, but shall not be applied so as to preclude the construction and operation of an antenna or tower for amateur radio communications purposes. If the provisions of this section prohibit the construction of a particular amateur radio communications antenna or tower, then the Township shall seek to reasonably accommodate the proposed operator's desire to conduct amateur radio communications by considering other feasible designs, locations, methods of accessing repeater systems or the use of existing structures as an alternative to the operator's desired amateur radio communications antenna or tower.

Stables, commercial

STABLE, COMMERCIAL
Buildings and grounds where horses are boarded or are made available for riding or for riding lessons for compensation.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Commercial kennels and stables.

A. The minimum lot area for a commercial kennel is two acres, plus an additional 1/3 of an acre for each animal in excess of six.
B. The minimum lot area for a commercial stable is 10 acres, not including areas devoted to living quarters or other uses not incidental to the stable.
C. Buildings for the housing of animals shall not be located within 300 feet of any property line or street right-of-way.
D. Areas for riding trails or riding purposes shall be located on the same premises, unless the owner has written permission to use adjacent lands for said purpose. Access to riding areas shall not necessitate the riding or leading of animals upon or across a public road.
E. The premises shall include storage adequate for the disposal of manure and refuse, have proper insect control methods and be suitably fenced.

State, county, municipal and other public offices

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed B-1 B-2 M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-1 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-11.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

State-licensed manufactured housing communities

MANUFACTURED HOUSING COMMUNITY
A parcel of land under single ownership that is planned, designed, improved and maintained for the placement and use of manufactured housing for dwelling purposes and for permitted accessory uses.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed MHC

Vehicle Parking:
Resident vehicle parking: See § 450-9.04C.
Visitor parking facilities: See § 450-9.04D.

Development Requirements:

MHC District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district and Shall comply with the Michigan Mobile Home Commission Act and the Rules of the Manufactured Housing Commission.
Land, buildings and structures in the MHC District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-9.02: Permitted land uses.

A manufactured housing community shall comply with the following site development and design requirements:

Access and roads.

(1) The community's internal roads shall have access to a public thoroughfare or shall be connected to a public thoroughfare by a permanent easement.
(2) Two access points shall be provided to a public thoroughfare to allow a secondary access for emergency vehicles. A boulevard entrance extending to the first intersection of a community road shall be interpreted as satisfying this requirement.
(3) All internal roads shall be constructed of concrete or bituminous asphalt and supported by a suitable subgrade in compliance with the standards of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
(4) An internal road that has no exit at one end shall terminate with an adequate turning area. Parking shall not be permitted within the turning area.
(5) Safe-sight distance shall be provided at intersections.
(6) An offset at an intersection or an intersection of more than two internal roads is prohibited.
(7) Internal roads shall have pavement widths in accordance with the following:

Traffic Flow	Parallel Parking	Minimum Pavement Width (feet)
One Way	No Parking	16
One Way	One Side	23
One Way	Both Sides	33
Two Way	No Parking	21
Two Way	One Side	31
Two Way	Both Sides	41

(8) All entrances to communities that have 300 or more home sites shall be a minimum of 30 feet in width. The entrance shall consist of an ingress lane and a left and right egress turning lane at the point of intersection between a public road and the community's internal road, and shall be constructed as follows:

(a) All turning lanes shall be a minimum of 10 feet in width and 60 feet in depth, measured from the edge of the pavement of the public road into the community.
(b) The turning lane system shall be tapered into the community internal road system commencing at a minimum depth of 60 feet.
(c) The ingress and right egress turning lanes of the ingress and egress road shall connect to the public road with a curved line that has a minimum radius of 15 feet. The intersection of the public road and ingress and egress road shall not have squared corners.

(9) An orderly street name system and unit numbering system shall be established by the community owner and the plan of such system approved by the Township Fire Department. Manufactured home space numbers shall be located uniformly on each space, housing unit or identification marker throughout the community, and street names shall be adequately marked at all internal road intersections.
(10) Appropriate traffic control signs shall be provided on all internal roads, and a regulation stop sign shall be installed at the point of intersection with a public road, unless a traffic control device is provided.

Driveways.

(1) Improved hard-surface driveways shall be provided on the site where necessary for convenient access to service entrances of buildings, and at delivery and collection points for fuel, refuse, and other materials.
(2) The minimum width of driveways shall be 10 feet. The entrance to the driveway shall have the flare or radii, and horizontal alignment for safe and convenient ingress and egress.

Sidewalks.

(1) Sidewalks shall be constructed in the community and maintained for the safe and convenient movement from all home sites to principal destinations within the community and connection to the public sidewalks outside the community. Sidewalks shall be installed along one side of all internal collector roads within the community and to the public right-of-way and to all service facilities, including but not limited to central laundry, central parking, and recreation areas. Sidewalks shall also be required along that portion of a community fronting along public thoroughfares.
(2) All sidewalks shall be constructed in compliance with all of the following requirements:

(a) Sidewalks shall have a minimum width of four feet and shall be constructed in compliance with Act 8 of the Public Acts of 1973, an act which regulates sidewalks for handicapped persons.
(b) All sidewalks shall meet the standards established in Rule 928 of the Manufactured Housing Commission Rules and AASHTO standards.

(3) An individual sidewalk with a minimum width of three feet shall be constructed between at least one entrance, or patio, porch, or deck if provided, and the parking spaces on the home site or parking bay, whichever is provided, or the common sidewalk.

Lighting.

(1) Access points shall be lighted. If the public thoroughfare is lighted, then the illumination level shall not be more than the average illumination level of the adjacent illuminated thoroughfare.
(2) At all internal road intersections and designated pedestrian crosswalks, the minimum illumination shall not be less than 0.15 footcandle.
(3) Internal roads, parking bays, and sidewalks shall be illuminated at not less than 0.05 footcandle.
(4) If a community directory is provided, then it shall be illuminated at not less than 3.15 horizontal footcandles on any entry on the directory.

Utilities.

(1) All electrical, telephone, cable television, natural gas, and other utility services shall be installed underground and specifically designed in conformance with the Manufactured Housing Commission Rules. When separate meters are installed, each meter shall be located in a uniform manner on each housing site.
(2) All manufactured housing sites and all other buildings within the community shall be connected to the water system of the Township, if it is available to the community, or to another state-approved system. The community water system shall conform to Parts 2 through 4 of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality manufactured housing community standards.
(3) Fire hydrants shall be installed in all communities for which public water systems are available and shall be in compliance with the requirements and provisions of the Fire Code. There shall be no more than 500 feet between hydrants as measured along adjacent roadways within the community.
(4) All manufactured housing sites and all other buildings within the community shall be connected to the sanitary sewage system of the Township, if it is available to the community, or to another state-approved system. The community's sanitary sewage system shall conform to the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality manufactured housing community standards.
(5) All storm sewers shall be constructed in accordance with Parts 2 through 4 of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality manufactured housing community standards. Additional requirements for a community may be established by the Kent County Drain Commissioner, pursuant to Section 11(3) of Public Act 96 of 1987, as amended.

Site size, spacing and setback requirements.

Screening/landscaping. Manufactured housing communities shall be landscaped as follows:

(a) If a manufactured housing community abuts an existing residential development, the community shall be required to provide screening along the boundary abutting the residential development.
(b) If the community abuts a nonresidential development, it need not provide screening.
(c) In all cases, however, a community shall provide screening along the boundary abutting a public right-of-way.
(d) The landscaping shall consist of evergreen trees or shrubs at least three feet in height which are spaced so they provide a continuous screen at maturity. Alternative screening devices may be utilized if they conceal the manufactured housing community as effectively as the required landscaping described above.
(e) Exposed ground surfaces in all parts of the community shall be paved or covered with ornamental stone or protected with grass, trees, or shrubs that are capable of preventing soil erosion. The ground surface and all parts of the community shall be graded and equipped to drain all surface water in a safe and efficient manner.

Open space requirements.

(a) A community that contains 50 or more sites shall have not less than 2% of the community's gross acreage dedicated to designated open space, but in no case less than 25,000 square feet. At least 1/2 of the required open space, up to two acres, shall be dedicated to community recreation uses, such as, but not limited to, picnic areas, athletic fields, playgrounds, walking trails, shuffleboard courts and lawn game areas.
(b) Required setbacks may not be used in the calculation of open space area.

Site constructed buildings and dwellings.

(a) Site constructed buildings within the community, such as community buildings or laundries, but not including manufactured homes and their accessory storage buildings, shall be reviewed by the Township at the time of submission for a building permit, unless approved as part of the original plan for the community.
(b) The maximum height of any community or similar building shall not exceed 35 feet or two stories in height, whichever is less. Storage or service buildings shall not exceed 15 feet, or one story in height.
(c) Community or service buildings shall not be located adjacent to an adjoining parcel that is either zoned or developed for single-family residential purposes.
(d) Site-built single-family dwellings may be located in a community as follows:

[1] One single-family dwelling may be permitted for the exclusive use of the community owner or manager in a community of 30 acres or less.
[2] Two single-family dwellings may be permitted for the exclusive use of the community owner, manager, or caretaker in a community in excess of 30 acres.
[3] Any such single-family dwellings permitted under this section shall comply in all respects with the requirements of single-family dwellings in the R-2 Medium Density Residential District.

Signs.

There shall be a maximum of one sign per road frontage with an entrance, which shall bear only the name of the community. Such a sign shall be located from the street a distance equal to the setbacks established in Rule 944(2) of the Manufactured Housing Commission Rules. The sign may be lighted, provided that the source of the light is not visible and is not of the flashing or intermittent type. One sign, not exceeding 32 square feet in area, shall be permitted for the first entrance provided to the community. For multiple entrances, a 16-square-foot sign shall be permitted at each entrance after the first. Signs may be double-faced, but each side of the sign shall have identical copy and be flush with the other side.

RV storage.

If boats, boat trailers and utility trailers are permitted to be parked within the manufactured housing community, adequate parking spaces for such vehicles in a central or collective parking area shall be provided. This area shall be in addition to the automobile parking requirements of this chapter and shall be adequately locked, fenced and permanently buffered.

Compliance with regulations.

The design, layout, construction and use of a manufactured housing community shall in all other respects comply with the regulations on the design, construction and use of manufactured housing communities, the sale and leasing of manufactured housing lots and all other aspects of the construction and use of manufactured housing communities, as set forth in the Rules of the Michigan Manufactured Housing Commission, as amended from time to time.

Stone yards or monument works

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
1.5 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Stone yard or monument works.

A. The special land use shall not be located within 1,000 feet of any residential use.
B. The applicant shall submit a detailed site plan identifying any outdoor storage areas, outdoor display areas or other areas in which stone, brick or other such material may be cut, shaped or produced.
C. Any outdoor storage area shall be completely enclosed by a fence or wall of sufficient height to enclose and obscure the view of all materials stored. The fence or wall shall be of uniform appearance and it shall be continuously maintained in good condition.
D. The minimum lot area, minimum lot width, minimum street frontage and details of the means of access as to the use shall be as determined by the Planning Commission.
E. The cutting or breaking of stone or other activity generating substantial noise shall take place only at such time of day or in such location as not to have a serious adverse effect upon adjacent or nearby lands. Other aspects of the use shall be so arranged or accomplished as to avoid serious adverse effects on other lands or adjacent streets.

Storage in agricultural buildings

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district.
Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Storage in agricultural buildings.

The temporary or seasonal storage of recreational vehicles or other motor vehicles in agricultural buildings may be permitted as stated in this section.

Only buildings existing on January 1, 1994, and originally used for agricultural purposes may qualify for storage use. Buildings constructed after January 1, 1994, shall not be used for this purpose.

The storage use shall be operated as an accessory use within the RR District solely by the owner or owners of the land where the building is located.

All storage shall take place only within a fully enclosed building.

Storage shall be permitted on a seasonal basis only, except that antique motor vehicles may be stored year round.

No repairs, maintenance or other work shall be permitted on any stored vehicles or equipment, except the property owner may repair or maintain his or her own equipment to the extent permitted in the zone district.

Any buildings used for such storage shall be located at least 15 feet away from any property line.

There shall be adequate off-street parking available for motor vehicles in connection with the transporting of the stored items to and from the property.

Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prohibit storage by the property owner of his or her own equipment and/or vehicles under the terms of the zone district or other provisions whereby such storage is permitted.

Storage of boats, trailers and recreational vehicles

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

Recreational Vehicle Parking
A. It shall be unlawful for any person to park or cause to be parked any mobile home or recreational vehicle on any street, alley, highway or other public place in the Township for a period of more than two hours.
B. No mobile home or recreational vehicle, regardless of where located, shall be used as a dwelling. This shall not prohibit the temporary occupancy for periods of up to 48 hours of a recreational vehicle if the recreational vehicle contains sleeping accommodations, is parked on a lot in a residential district, and is for the use of the owner of that lot or guests of the owner.
C. All recreational vehicles shall be stored either within a permanent building completely enclosed with walls and door, or outside, no closer to five feet to any side or rear lot line, and, except for watercraft in the LR District, not within the required front setback. In the LR District, watercraft may be stored in the required setback on the lake side of the principal building.
D. Not more than three recreational vehicles may be stored outside of a permanent building completely enclosed with walls and door, within the outside areas permitted by this section. In the LR District, storage of one additional boat or watercraft is permitted. Multiple recreational vehicles in or on a single trailer are counted as one recreational vehicle for this purpose. Additional unpowered canoes, kayaks or paddleboards may be stored outdoors in permitted locations.
E. This section does not apply to watercraft while docked or moored in compliance with Chapter 126: Boat Launching and Docking, of the Code of the Township of Cannon.

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the storage is located only within existing barns or other existing farm accessory buildings.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Swimming pools

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit LR

Vehicle Parking:
5 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

LR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, but does not include swimming pools accessory to residential land uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-10.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Temporary dwellings; Illegal dwellings

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use LR R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR, R-2, R-3 and LR Districts:

This use is permitted in these districts.

Temporary dwellings.
No cabin, garage, basement, tent, recreational vehicle, or other temporary structure shall be used in whole or in part for dwelling purposes in any district; provided a manufactured home may be used as a temporary dwelling for a period not to exceed six months upon application to and approval of a permit for such occupancy by the Zoning Administrator upon determination that the following conditions exist and are met:

A. The permanent dwelling of the resident applicant has become uninhabitable due to damage caused by fire, wind or other natural calamity or emergency.
B. Due to undue hardship, the applicant is unable to obtain another dwelling unit as a temporary residence.
C. The structure is constructed so as to meet the minimum requirements for the health, safety and welfare of the occupants and the surrounding neighborhood.
D. The temporary dwelling shall be served by sanitary sewer and potable water, approved by the Township and Kent County Health Department.

Illegal dwellings.
The use of any basement for dwelling purposes is prohibited in any zoning district, unless the basement complies with applicable provisions of the Township construction code. Buildings erected as garages or accessory buildings shall not be occupied for dwelling purposes.

See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

Temporary outdoor art and craft exhibitions and sales

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district subject to applicable Township ordinance requirements.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Temporary outdoor markets, festivals and similar events

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district subject to applicable Township ordinance requirements.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Tool and die manufacturing establishments

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
1.5 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Trade and industrial schools

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Truck terminals

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 1,500 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district including maintenance and service facilities.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Truck terminal.

A. Access driveways shall be of sufficient width so as to accommodate the transportation vehicles that will utilize the site.
B. Access driveways shall be so located and spaced that the trucks and other vehicles using the site may readily enter and exit the site without adverse traffic impacts or hazardous conditions.
C. Any trucks and trailers to be parked overnight on the site shall be set back from the front lot line at least 100 feet.
D. The principal building and any accessory buildings and structures shall be located at least 200 feet away from any residential use or residential district.
E. There shall be sufficient off-street parking area so as to accommodate the trucks and other transportation vehicles utilizing the site.
F. The off-street parking area shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of all surface water in a safe and effective manner without causing ponding or adverse impacts upon other lands or the public streets.
G. Buffering, greenbelts or other protective measures may be required so as to avoid serious adverse effects upon other lands.
H. Any vehicles or equipment stored outside of an enclosed building shall not be located within any required yard.
I. No outside storage shall be permitted. However, licensed inoperable vehicles may be stored out of doors within an area and at a location approved by the Planning Commission and, if required, within a fully enclosing fence.

Two-family dwellings

DWELLING, TWO-FAMILY
A building containing two attached dwelling units.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD R-2 R-3 R-PUD

Vehicle Parking:
2 parking spaces per dwelling unit.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

R-2 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-7.02: Permitted land uses.

R-3 District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the R-3 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-8.02: Permitted land uses.

Two-family dwellings (R-2 District)
2-family dwellings shall, insofar as practicable, be designed to have the exterior appearance of a single-family dwelling, by appropriate placement of exterior doors, garages and driveways.

Two-family dwellings (R-3 District)
2-family dwellings shall, insofar as practicable, be designed to have the exterior appearance of a single-family dwelling, by appropriate placement of exterior doors, garages and driveways.

R-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the Residential PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

See § 450-3.14: Minimum requirements for dwellings.

Veterinary clinics

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2

Vehicle Parking:
4 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area.
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

B-1 and B-2 Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts, providing all activities must be conducted within a fully enclosed building.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district, providing all activities must be conducted within a fully enclosed building.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Veterinary clinic.

A. The Planning Commission shall determine the minimum lot area, minimum lot width and minimum street frontage for the use.
B. All buildings and structures shall comply with the minimum setback requirements of the zone district in which the use is located or they shall have such further setback as may be required by the Planning Commission in its approval of the special land use.
C. Any outdoor animal holding area shall be enclosed by a wall or a fence of a height sufficient to contain animals within the holding area.
D. All kennels, pens and other areas for the confinement of animals shall be located at least 200 feet from a front property line and at least 50 feet away from a side or rear property line.
E. In approving the special land use, the Planning Commission may include terms and conditions for the purpose of avoiding or moderating any adverse effects of the use on adjacent or nearby lands.

Warehousing, storage, or transfer buildings

WAREHOUSE
A building used primarily for the storage of goods, materials and commodities, and including associated driveways, vehicle circulation areas and off-street parking areas. A warehouse may include the storage of goods, materials and commodities on a wholesale basis, prior to their distribution for retail sale, and it may also include a warehouse established and used by a business to store its own goods, products and materials for later sale or other commercial use.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 1,500 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district excluding the storage of bulk petroleum or related products, garbage, or rubbish.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Warehouse buildings.

A. The Planning Commission shall determine the minimum lot area, minimum lot width, minimum street frontage and minimum required principal building setbacks for the special land use.
B. Outside storage shall not be permitted.
C. No toxic, hazardous, flammable or explosive materials shall be stored in a warehouse building or otherwise be permitted on the site.
D. The site shall provide such length for driveways so that there shall be sufficient stacking capacity for motor vehicles making deliveries to the site or removing stored goods or materials from the site.
E. Screening and buffering of the use from other lands may be required.
F. This special land use does not include mini warehouses or self-storage warehouse facilities, both of which are addressed elsewhere in this chapter.

Wholesale establishments

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit I

Vehicle Parking:
1 parking space per 1,500 square feet of gross floor area. See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district including automotive equipment, drugs, chemicals, dry goods, apparel, food, farm products, electrical goods, hardware, machinery, equipment, metals, paper products and furnishings, and lumber and building products.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) (60 feet or less)

WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM (WECS)
The equipment, structures and land area designed and used for the purpose of converting the mechanical energy resulting from the force of wind into electrical energy. Such systems will typically include a tower with rotor blades and a shaft, gears and other equipment designed to convert the rotation of the blades into a form suitable for driving a generator or other electricity-producing device. Such a tower and equipment may be ground-mounted or building-mounted.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I Districts where use is allowed as an "Other" use B-1 B-2 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR, B-2 and I-1 Districts:
This use is a permitted land use in these districts, providing the towers and generators may not be higher than 60 feet.
Land, buildings and structures in the RR District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-5.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the B-2 District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-12.02: Permitted land uses.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

B-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the towers and generators may not be higher than 60 feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Wind energy conversion systems.
A. Purpose. A wind energy conversion system (WECS) shall be permitted only in accordance with the provisions of this section.
B. See § 450-3.30B for associated definitions.
C. On-site service WECS general requirements.

(1) An on-site service WECS shall be permitted in the RR Rural Residential/Agriculture District, the B-1 Neighborhood Business District, the B-2 General Business District and the I Industrial District, subject to the requirements of this section.
(2) Site plan review and approval, pursuant to Article 22, shall be required for a WECS that does not exceed 60 feet in height. A WECS exceeding 60 feet in height shall be permitted only if approved as a special land use under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
(3) The wind rating of the WECS turbine shall not be greater than 50 kwh.
(4) The WECS shall provide energy only to the property where the tower is located and must be owned by the owner of the property upon which the WECS is placed.
(5) No sound attributed to the WECS in excess of 55 dB(A) shall be discernible at the property line.
(6) There shall be no signs on the WECS other than the name of the manufacturer, which may be affixed only to the nacelle.
(7) The WECS shall be painted in a neutral color, such as gray or light blue, to blend into the background.
(8) Each WECS shall also comply with all applicable federal, State of Michigan, and county requirements, in addition to Township ordinances.
(9) A WECS shall be removed when the device or equipment is no longer operating or when it has been abandoned.
(10) A WECS shall not be installed in any location where its proximity to existing fixed broadcast, retransmission or reception antenna for radio, television or wireless telephone or personal communications systems would produce electromagnetic interference with signal transmission or reception.

D. Ground-mounted on-site service WECS.

(1) Lots accommodating a WECS in the RR Rural Residential/Agriculture District and the B-1 Neighborhood Business District and the B-2 General Business District shall be a minimum two acres if the WECS height does not exceed 60 feet, and five acres if the WECS height exceeds 60 feet.
(2) In the I Industrial District, the minimum lot area shall be one acre.
(3) The diameter of the rotor shall not be greater than 50 feet.
(4) The WECS height shall not exceed 130 feet.
(5) The minimum rotor blade tip clearance from grade shall be 20 feet.
(6) The tower used to support a WECS shall be adequately anchored, as certified by an engineer.
(7) The setback for placement of a WECS shall be at least equal to 1.5 times the WECS height. No part of a single WECS (including guy wire anchors) shall be located within or above any required setback.

E. Building-mounted on-site service WECS.

(1) Minimum lot area shall be one acre.
(2) The diameter of the rotor shall not exceed 20 feet.
(3) The WECS height shall not exceed the maximum height for principal buildings in the zone district, plus 25 feet.
(4) The WECS shall be set back from adjoining property lines a distance equal to 1.5 times the height of the WECS. The setback shall be measured from the property line to the closest extension of the rotor when horizontal and perpendicular to the property line.

Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) (exceeding 60 feet)

WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM (WECS)
The equipment, structures and land area designed and used for the purpose of converting the mechanical energy resulting from the force of wind into electrical energy. Such systems will typically include a tower with rotor blades and a shaft, gears and other equipment designed to convert the rotation of the blades into a form suitable for driving a generator or other electricity-producing device. Such a tower and equipment may be ground-mounted or building-mounted.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2 I RR

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district, providing the facility exceeds 60 feet in height.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

B-1, B-2 and I Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts, providing the facility exceeds 60 feet in height.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district providing the facility exceeds 60 feet in height.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) over 60 feet.

A. This special land use authorizes wind energy conversion systems (WECS) that exceed 60 feet in height. A WECS that is 60 feet or less in height is regulated under § 450-3.30: Wind energy conversion systems.
B. See § 450-23.47B for associated definitions.
C. On-site service WECS general requirements.

(1) An on-site service WECS is permitted in the RR Rural Residential/Agriculture District, the B-1 Neighborhood Business District, the B-2 General Business District and the I Industrial District, in accordance with the requirements of this section.
(2) The minimum requirements for the special land use shall be those stated in § 450-3.30: Wind energy conversion systems, but as to any such provisions that are specified more strictly in this section, then such provisions in this section shall apply and control.
(3) The wind rating of the WECS turbine shall not be greater than 50 kwh, except that a greater rating may be permitted by the Planning Commission.
(4) The WECS shall provide energy only to the property where the tower is located and must be owned by the owner of the property upon which the WECS is placed.
(5) No sound attributed to the WECS in excess of 55 dB(A) shall be discernible at the property line.
(6) There shall be no signs on the WECS other than the name of the manufacturer, which may only be affixed to the nacelle.
(7) The WECS shall be painted in a neutral color, such as gray or light blue, to blend into the background.
(8) Each WECS shall also comply with all applicable federal, State of Michigan, and county requirements, in addition to Township ordinances.
(9) A WECS shall be removed when the device or equipment is no longer operating or when it has been abandoned.
(10) A WECS shall not be installed in any location where its proximity to existing fixed broadcast, retransmission or reception antenna for radio, television or wireless phone or personal communication systems would produce electromagnetic interference with signal transmission or reception.

D. Ground-mounted on-site service WECS.

(1) The minimum lot area for a parcel of land on which a WECS exceeding a height of 60 feet is located shall be five acres if located in the RR, B-1 or B-2 Districts.
(2) A WECS in the I District shall be located on a parcel of land of at least one acre.
(3) The diameter of the rotor may not be greater than 50 feet, or may be such greater diameter as may be permitted by the Planning Commission.
(4) The WECS height shall not exceed 130 feet or shall not exceed such greater height as may be permitted by the Planning Commission.
(5) The minimum rotor blade tip clearance from grade shall be 20 feet, or it shall be such greater clearance as may be required by the Planning Commission.
(6) The tower used to support a WECS shall be adequately anchored, as certified by an engineer.
(7) The setback for placement of a WECS shall be at least equal to 1.5 times the WECS height. No part of a single WECS (including guy wire anchors) shall be located within or above any required setback.

E. Building-mounted on-site service WECS.

(1) The minimum lot area shall be one acre.
(2) The diameter of the rotor shall not exceed 20 feet.
(3) The WECS height shall not exceed the maximum height for principal buildings in the district, plus 25 feet.
(4) The WECS shall be set back from adjoining property lines a distance equal to 1.5 times the height of the WECS. The setback shall be measured from the property line to the closest extension of the rotor when horizontal and perpendicular to the property line.

F. Discretionary conditions. The Planning Commission may impose other terms and conditions regulating the construction, installation, use, maintenance, repair and removal of any WECS authorized by the terms of this section. Such other terms and conditions may include, though are not limited to, the following:

(1) The screening or buffering of structures (other than towers) with landscaping, berms, walls or any combination thereof. Fencing may be required by the Planning Commission to secure the site and tower.
(2) The preservation of existing trees and other existing vegetation not required to be removed for installation of a WECS.
(3) The reasonable replacement of trees or other vegetation removed or destroyed during the construction or installation of a WECS.
(4) A requirement for a performance bond or letter of credit, in favor of the Township, and conditioned upon the timely and faithful performance of all required conditions of the special land use, including but not limited to the timely and complete removal of a WECS, regulated under the terms of this section, when required. Such performance bond or letter of credit shall remain in effect during and after the operation of a WECS, until its operations have ceased and it has been removed.

Wireless communications facilities (higher than 30 feet)

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES
All structures and accessory facilities relating to the use of the radio frequency spectrum for the purpose of transmitting or receiving radio signals. This may include, but shall not be limited to, radio towers, television towers, telephone devices, personal communication transmission equipment, microwave relay towers, telephone transmission equipment, commercial mobile radio service facilities and facilities for internet service. This definition does not include a television or radio reception antenna for an individual lot or other parcel of land.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT STRUCTURES
Structures erected or modified to support wireless communications antennas. Support structures within this definition include, but are not limited to, monopoles, lattice towers, light poles, wood poles and guyed towers, or other structures used to support wireless communication antennas.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed M-PUD Districts where use may be allowed with Special Land Use Permit B-1 B-2 I MHC R-1 R-2 R-3 RR

Vehicle Parking:
See § 450-16.05F for details on parking in the M-PUD District.
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for more detailed information.

Development Requirements:

RR District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district with towers and antennas higher than 30 feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-5.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-1 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district with towers and antennas higher than 30 feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-6.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-2 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district with towers and antennas higher than 30 feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-7.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

R-3 District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district with towers and antennas higher than 30 feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-8.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

MHC District:
This use is permitted as a special land use in this district with towers and antennas higher than 30 feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-9.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

B-1, B-2 and I Districts:
This use is permitted as a special land use in these districts with towers and antennas higher than 30 feet.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-11.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-12.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.
The special land uses specified in Table § 450-13.03: Special land uses may be permitted if approved by the Planning Commission under Article 23: Special Land Uses.

M-PUD District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district with towers and antennas higher than 30 feet.
Land, buildings and structures in the M-PUD District shall be used for this purpose only.

Wireless communications facilities.

Purpose and intent.

(1) The regulations of this section are intended to conform to federal laws and administrative rules governing facilities needed to operate wireless communication systems and to set forth procedures and standards for review and approval for the location of such facilities within the Township. It is the Township's intent to reasonably regulate the location and design of these facilities to retain the integrity of neighborhoods and the character, property values and aesthetic quality of the Township.
(2) Given the increase in the number of wireless communications facilities requested as a result of new technology and the Federal Telecommunications Act of 1996, it is the policy of the Township that all users should co-locate on attached wireless communications facilities and wireless communication support structures. Co-location is proposed in order to assure the most economic use of land and to prevent the proliferation of duplicative services.
(3) In recognition of the Township's concern that technological advances may render certain wireless communications facilities obsolete or unnecessary in the future, requirements are set forth for the removal of unused or unnecessary facilities in a timely manner and provide security for removal.

Zoning districts and limitations for wireless communications facilities. Wireless communications facilities may be located within the Township in accordance with the table set forth below, provided the location is consistent with the master plan prepared for wireless communications facilities in the Township.

Review standards applicable to all facilities. All wireless communications facilities shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the following standards:

(1) Facilities shall be located and designed to be harmonious with the surrounding areas through the use of color, materials, screening, landscaping, and architectural treatment. The Planning Commission may require unique design of the structure to diminish the visual impact, minimize adverse effects on nearby properties and land uses, or to create an architectural feature that will contribute to or enhance community character.

(2) All new and modified wireless communications facilities shall be designed and constructed to accommodate co-location of both antenna and equipment structures by five or more wireless communication providers. A written agreement in a format approved by the Township Attorney shall be provided to that effect.
(3) A permit for the construction and use of a new wireless communications facility shall not be granted until the applicant demonstrates substantially equivalent services are not feasible through co-location on an existing structure elsewhere in the Township or surrounding communities.
(4) The total height of the facility, including tower, antenna, or any other portion of the tower, shall not exceed 199 feet, unless required by state or federal law or otherwise necessary for public safety.
(5) Landscaping, consisting of evergreen trees at least six feet in height and 15 feet on center, shall be provided to screen the structure base, accessory buildings and enclosure from adjacent uses and public rights-of-way.
(6) Elevations of the accessory buildings shall be provided. All accessory buildings shall be constructed of brick, provided the Planning Commission may waive this requirement for a building that is located in the industrial district and is not visible from a public right-of-way or nonindustrial zoning district.
(7) Accessory buildings shall be a maximum of 14 feet in height and shall be set back in accordance with the requirements for principal buildings in that zoning district.
(8) A six-foot-high fence shall be provided for protection of the support structure and to provide security from children and other persons who may otherwise access facilities.
(9) All towers, antenna, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance shall comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. If, upon inspection, the Township determines that a tower fails to comply with any regulation, the Zoning Administrator shall provide written notice to the owner of the tower, who shall have 90 days to comply with the applicable regulation. Failure to comply within this period shall constitute grounds for requiring removal of the antenna or tower at the owner's expense.
(10) The applicant shall demonstrate that the requested height of the new or modified support structure and antenna, including additional height to accommodate future co-location, shall be the minimum height necessary for reasonable communication by the applicant.
(11) All antennas and towers adjacent to a lot or parcel improved with a dwelling and/or adjacent to a residential district shall maintain a separation distance equal to the height of the tower, including antenna, or 200 feet, whichever is greater. The tower separation distance shall be measured by drawing a straight line between the base of the proposed tower and the lot line of the adjacent residential lot or zoning district. For purposes of determining the required setback distances, the dimensions of the entire lot or parcel shall control, even if the tower is located within a leased portion of a larger lot or parcel.
(12) There shall be unobstructed access to the support structure, for operation, maintenance, repair and inspection purposes, which may be provided through or over an easement. This access shall have a width and location determined by such factors as the location of adjacent throughfares and traffic and circulation within the site; utilities needed to service the tower and any attendant facilities; the location of buildings and parking facilities; proximity to residential districts and minimizing disturbance to the natural landscape; and the type of equipment which will need to access the site.
(13) Where a wireless communications facility is proposed on the roof of a building, if the equipment enclosure is proposed as a roof appliance or penthouse on the building, it shall be designed, constructed and maintained to be architecturally compatible with the principal building. The equipment enclosure may be located within the principal building or may be an accessory building. If proposed as an accessory building, it shall conform to all district requirements for principal buildings, including yard setbacks.
(14) An antenna or tower shall not be illuminated and shall not display strobe lights, unless specifically required by the Federal Aviation Administration or other federal or state authority. Any such required aviation hazard lighting shall be detailed on the plans. Lighting of buildings or structures shall be fully shielded to prevent glare or light emissions toward adjacent property.
(15) As a condition of every approval, the applicant shall agree to remove all or part of any facility when the facility has been abandoned or unused for a period of 180 consecutive days, unless an extension of time is granted by the Zoning Administrator. An extension of not more than six months may be granted if the Zoning Administrator determines that the owner or former operator is taking active steps to place the facility back in operation or accomplish its removal. The Zoning Administrator shall be notified by the owner or applicant of any changes in the status of the facility, including a cessation of use.

Discretionary conditions. The Planning Commission, in its reasonable discretion, may impose other terms and conditions regulating the construction, installation, use, maintenance, repair and removal of any wireless communications facility. Other terms and conditions may address matters such as:

(1) Prohibiting the construction, use, or occupancy of specified dwellings, buildings or structures within a defined isolation distance from the antenna or tower.
(2) Preserving existing trees or vegetation not required to be removed to accommodate installation of the tower antenna.
(3) Restoring trees or vegetation removed or destroyed during the construction or installation of a wireless communications facility.
(4) Requiring reasonable modification or accommodations on existing buildings to ensure the safety, structural integrity, and appearance of the existing building will not be compromised by the addition of the wireless communications facility on the existing structure.

Removal. As a condition of every approval of a wireless communications facility, adequate provision shall be made for its removal. Documentation (such as signed lease, deed, or land contract restrictions) shall be provided to the Township which demonstrates that the applicant is required to remove the tower and associated facilities upon cessation of its operations.

Co-location.

(1) It is the policy of the Township to minimize the overall number of newly established locations for wireless communications facilities and wireless communication support structures within the Township and to encourage the use of existing structures for attached wireless communications facilities. If a provider fails or refuses to permit co-location on a facility owned or controlled by it where co-location is feasible, the result will be that a new and unnecessary additional structure will be required, in contradiction with Township policy. Co-location shall be required unless an applicant demonstrates that co-location is not feasible.
(2) Co-location shall be deemed feasible for the purpose of this subsection where all of the following are met:

(a) The wireless communication provider or property owner where co-location is proposed will accept market rent or other market compensation for co-location, and the wireless communication provider seeking the facility will pay such rates.
(b) The structure on which co-location is being considered, taking into consideration reasonable modification or replacement of a facility, is able to provide structural support.
(c) The co-location being considered is technically reasonable, e.g., the co-location will not result in unreasonable interference, given appropriate physical and other adjustments in relation to the structure, antennas and the like.

Modification of standards and requirements. The Planning Commission may permit a modification of the standards of this section where it is determined that the modification would be consistent with the intent and purpose of this section, and where it is determined that the modification will not have a serious, adverse effect upon neighboring properties or otherwise impair the health, safety, and welfare of Township residents.

Amateur radio communications. The provisions of this subsection shall apply to towers and antennas owned and operated by a federally licensed amateur radio operator and used solely for amateur radio communication purposes, but shall not be applied so as to preclude the construction and operation of an antenna or tower for amateur radio communication purposes. If the provisions of this section prohibit the construction of a particular amateur radio communications antenna or tower, the Township shall nevertheless reasonably accommodate the proposed operator's amateur radio communications by considering other feasible designs, locations, methods of accessing repeater systems or the use of existing structures as an alternative to the operator's desired amateur radio communications antenna or tower. In any event, the Township's regulations with respect to amateur radio communications shall be only the minimum practicable provisions to accomplish the Township's legitimate governmental purposes.

Wireless communications facilities (not higher than 30 feet)

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES
All structures and accessory facilities relating to the use of the radio frequency spectrum for the purpose of transmitting or receiving radio signals. This may include, but shall not be limited to, radio towers, television towers, telephone devices, personal communication transmission equipment, microwave relay towers, telephone transmission equipment, commercial mobile radio service facilities and facilities for internet service. This definition does not include a television or radio reception antenna for an individual lot or other parcel of land.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT STRUCTURES
Structures erected or modified to support wireless communications antennas. Support structures within this definition include, but are not limited to, monopoles, lattice towers, light poles, wood poles and guyed towers, or other structures used to support wireless communication antennas.

Districts Where Allowed Districts where use is allowed I

Vehicle Parking:
See Article 27: Off-Street Parking and Loading for detailed information.

Development Requirements:

I District:
This use is a permitted land use in this district with towers and antennas not higher than 30 feet.
Land, buildings and structures in the I District shall be used only for the purposes stated in Table § 450-13.02: Permitted land uses.

Wireless communications facilities.
Purpose and intent.

(1) The regulations of this section are intended to conform to federal laws and administrative rules governing facilities needed to operate wireless communication systems and to set forth procedures and standards for review and approval for the location of such facilities within the Township. It is the Township's intent to reasonably regulate the location and design of these facilities to retain the integrity of neighborhoods and the character, property values and aesthetic quality of the Township.
(2) Given the increase in the number of wireless communications facilities requested as a result of new technology and the Federal Telecommunications Act of 1996, it is the policy of the Township that all users should co-locate on attached wireless communications facilities and wireless communication support structures. Co-location is proposed in order to assure the most economic use of land and to prevent the proliferation of duplicative services.
(3) In recognition of the Township's concern that technological advances may render certain wireless communications facilities obsolete or unnecessary in the future, requirements are set forth for the removal of unused or unnecessary facilities in a timely manner and provide security for removal.

Zoning districts and limitations for wireless communications facilities. Wireless communications facilities may be located within the Township in accordance with the table set forth below, provided the location is consistent with the master plan prepared for wireless communications facilities in the Township.

Review standards applicable to all facilities. All wireless communications facilities shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the following standards:

(1) Facilities shall be located and designed to be harmonious with the surrounding areas through the use of color, materials, screening, landscaping, and architectural treatment. The Planning Commission may require unique design of the structure to diminish the visual impact, minimize adverse effects on nearby properties and land uses, or to create an architectural feature that will contribute to or enhance community character.
(2) All new and modified wireless communications facilities shall be designed and constructed to accommodate co-location of both antenna and equipment structures by five or more wireless communication providers. A written agreement in a format approved by the Township Attorney shall be provided to that effect.
(3) A permit for the construction and use of a new wireless communications facility shall not be granted until the applicant demonstrates substantially equivalent services are not feasible through co-location on an existing structure elsewhere in the Township or surrounding communities.
(4) The total height of the facility, including tower, antenna, or any other portion of the tower, shall not exceed 199 feet, unless required by state or federal law or otherwise necessary for public safety.
(5) Landscaping, consisting of evergreen trees at least six feet in height and 15 feet on center, shall be provided to screen the structure base, accessory buildings and enclosure from adjacent uses and public rights-of-way.
(6) Elevations of the accessory buildings shall be provided. All accessory buildings shall be constructed of brick, provided the Planning Commission may waive this requirement for a building that is located in the industrial district and is not visible from a public right-of-way or nonindustrial zoning district.
(7) Accessory buildings shall be a maximum of 14 feet in height and shall be set back in accordance with the requirements for principal buildings in that zoning district.
(8) A six-foot-high fence shall be provided for protection of the support structure and to provide security from children and other persons who may otherwise access facilities.
(9) All towers, antenna, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance shall comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. If, upon inspection, the Township determines that a tower fails to comply with any regulation, the Zoning Administrator shall provide written notice to the owner of the tower, who shall have 90 days to comply with the applicable regulation. Failure to comply within this period shall constitute grounds for requiring removal of the antenna or tower at the owner's expense.
(10) The applicant shall demonstrate that the requested height of the new or modified support structure and antenna, including additional height to accommodate future co-location, shall be the minimum height necessary for reasonable communication by the applicant.
(11) All antennas and towers adjacent to a lot or parcel improved with a dwelling and/or adjacent to a residential district shall maintain a separation distance equal to the height of the tower, including antenna, or 200 feet, whichever is greater. The tower separation distance shall be measured by drawing a straight line between the base of the proposed tower and the lot line of the adjacent residential lot or zoning district. For purposes of determining the required setback distances, the dimensions of the entire lot or parcel shall control, even if the tower is located within a leased portion of a larger lot or parcel.
(12) There shall be unobstructed access to the support structure, for operation, maintenance, repair and inspection purposes, which may be provided through or over an easement. This access shall have a width and location determined by such factors as the location of adjacent throughfares and traffic and circulation within the site; utilities needed to service the tower and any attendant facilities; the location of buildings and parking facilities; proximity to residential districts and minimizing disturbance to the natural landscape; and the type of equipment which will need to access the site.
(13) Where a wireless communications facility is proposed on the roof of a building, if the equipment enclosure is proposed as a roof appliance or penthouse on the building, it shall be designed, constructed and maintained to be architecturally compatible with the principal building. The equipment enclosure may be located within the principal building or may be an accessory building. If proposed as an accessory building, it shall conform to all district requirements for principal buildings, including yard setbacks.
(14) An antenna or tower shall not be illuminated and shall not display strobe lights, unless specifically required by the Federal Aviation Administration or other federal or state authority. Any such required aviation hazard lighting shall be detailed on the plans. Lighting of buildings or structures shall be fully shielded to prevent glare or light emissions toward adjacent property.
(15) As a condition of every approval, the applicant shall agree to remove all or part of any facility when the facility has been abandoned or unused for a period of 180 consecutive days, unless an extension of time is granted by the Zoning Administrator. An extension of not more than six months may be granted if the Zoning Administrator determines that the owner or former operator is taking active steps to place the facility back in operation or accomplish its removal. The Zoning Administrator shall be notified by the owner or applicant of any changes in the status of the facility, including a cessation of use.

Discretionary conditions. The Planning Commission, in its reasonable discretion, may impose other terms and conditions regulating the construction, installation, use, maintenance, repair and removal of any wireless communications facility. Other terms and conditions may address matters such as:

(1) Prohibiting the construction, use, or occupancy of specified dwellings, buildings or structures within a defined isolation distance from the antenna or tower.
(2) Preserving existing trees or vegetation not required to be removed to accommodate installation of the tower antenna.
(3) Restoring trees or vegetation removed or destroyed during the construction or installation of a wireless communications facility.
(4) Requiring reasonable modification or accommodations on existing buildings to ensure the safety, structural integrity, and appearance of the existing building will not be compromised by the addition of the wireless communications facility on the existing structure.

Removal. As a condition of every approval of a wireless communications facility, adequate provision shall be made for its removal. Documentation (such as signed lease, deed, or land contract restrictions) shall be provided to the Township which demonstrates that the applicant is required to remove the tower and associated facilities upon cessation of its operations.

Co-location.

(1) It is the policy of the Township to minimize the overall number of newly established locations for wireless communications facilities and wireless communication support structures within the Township and to encourage the use of existing structures for attached wireless communications facilities. If a provider fails or refuses to permit co-location on a facility owned or controlled by it where co-location is feasible, the result will be that a new and unnecessary additional structure will be required, in contradiction with Township policy. Co-location shall be required unless an applicant demonstrates that co-location is not feasible.
(2) Co-location shall be deemed feasible for the purpose of this subsection where all of the following are met:

(a) The wireless communication provider or property owner where co-location is proposed will accept market rent or other market compensation for co-location, and the wireless communication provider seeking the facility will pay such rates.
(b) The structure on which co-location is being considered, taking into consideration reasonable modification or replacement of a facility, is able to provide structural support.
(c) The co-location being considered is technically reasonable, e.g., the co-location will not result in unreasonable interference, given appropriate physical and other adjustments in relation to the structure, antennas and the like.

Modification of standards and requirements. The Planning Commission may permit a modification of the standards of this section where it is determined that the modification would be consistent with the intent and purpose of this section, and where it is determined that the modification will not have a serious, adverse effect upon neighboring properties or otherwise impair the health, safety, and welfare of Township residents.

Amateur radio communications. The provisions of this subsection shall apply to towers and antennas owned and operated by a federally licensed amateur radio operator and used solely for amateur radio communication purposes, but shall not be applied so as to preclude the construction and operation of an antenna or tower for amateur radio communication purposes. If the provisions of this section prohibit the construction of a particular amateur radio communications antenna or tower, the Township shall nevertheless reasonably accommodate the proposed operator's amateur radio communications by considering other feasible designs, locations, methods of accessing repeater systems or the use of existing structures as an alternative to the operator's desired amateur radio communications antenna or tower. In any event, the Township's regulations with respect to amateur radio communications shall be only the minimum practicable provisions to accomplish the Township's legitimate governmental purposes.

Township of Cannon, MI

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